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Haematology > Pancytopenia > Flashcards

Pancytopenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

A deficiency in blood cells of all lineages

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2
Q

Causes of pancytopenia ?

A

Decreased production

Increased destruction

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3
Q

Cause of reduced production?

A

Bone marrow failure

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4
Q

Bone marrow failure subgroups?

A

Inherited syndromes

Acquired - primary / secondary

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5
Q

An example of an inherited marrow failure syndrome?

A

Fanconi’s anaemia

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6
Q

What is the problem in fanconis anaemia?

A

Unable to correct inter- strand cross links - DNA damage

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7
Q

Median age in fanconis anaemia ?

A

7 years old

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8
Q

Cells count features in fanconis anaemia?

A

Macrocytosis followed by thrombocytopenia and neutropenia

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9
Q

Examples of acquired primary bone marrow failure

A

Idiopathic aplastic anaemia
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Acute leukaemia

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10
Q

What happens in myelodysplastic syndrome?

A

Increased apoptosis of progenitor and mature cells

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11
Q

What can myelodysplastic syndrome evolution into?

A

AML

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12
Q

Examples of secondary bone marrow failure causes?

A 
Drugs - chemo, alcohol, chloramphenicol
B12/ folate deficiency 
Storage disease
Infection - viral , mycobacterial 
Metastatic cancer
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13
Q

Cause of increased destruction of cells causing pancytopenia?

A

Hypersplenism

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14
Q

Causes of hypersplenism?

A

Splenic congestion - portal hypertension / congestive cardiac failure
Rheumatoid arthritis
Splenic lymphoma

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15
Q

Clinical features of pancytopenia

A

Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrmobocytopenia

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16
Q

Signs and symptoms of pancytopenia??

A

anaemia - fatigue, SOB, cardiovascular compromise
Neutropenia - infection
Thrombocytopenia - bleeding

17
Q

What causes a hypocellular marrow cellularity?

A

Aplastic anaemia

18
Q

What causes a hypercellular marrow cellularity?

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome
B12/ folate deficiency
Hypersplenism

19
Q

Treatment if cause is malignancy?

A

Chemo

20
Q

Treatment if cause is congenital ?

A

Bone marrow transplantation

21
Q

Treatment if cause is idiopathic aplastic anaemia?

A

Immunosuppression

22
Q

Treatment if cause is a drug reaction

A

Stop drug

23
Q

Treatment if cause is hypersplenism ?

A

If possible treat cause

Consider splenectomy

Haematology (25 decks)

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