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Haematology > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What does the transfusion service supply?

A

Blood components

Blood products

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2
Q

What are considered blood components?

A

Red cells
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate

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3
Q

What are considered blood products?

A 
Human albumin 
IV immunoglobulin 
Human normal immunoglobulin 
Specific immunoglobulin 
Anti-D immunoglobulins 
Prothrombin complex concentrates
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4
Q

How are blood components obtained?

A

Centrifuging anticoagulated blood

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5
Q

How are blood products obtained?

A

Subjecting human plasma to manufacturing process to obtain various plasma fractions

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6
Q

What do you obtain from one blood donation?

A

1 unit red cells
1 unit plasma
1/4 of adult therapeutic dose of platelets

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7
Q

What does the blood next to be tested for?

A 
HIV 1 and 2 - PCR and antibody 
HCV - PCR and antibody 
HBV- PCR and antibody 
Syphilis - antibody 
HTLV 1 and II - antibody 
HEV - PCR
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8
Q

When centrifuged, where are the different components?

A

Red cells at bottom - most dense
Plasma at top - least dense
Buffs coat in between

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9
Q

Shelf life of red cells?

A

35 days

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10
Q

After leaving controlled storage, when must red cells be transfused by?

A

Within 4 hours

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11
Q

Shelf life of platelets ?

A

7 days

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12
Q

Why must platelets be stored with continual agitation?

A

Promotes gas exchange

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13
Q

When must platelets be transfused by after leaving controlled storage ?

A

Within 1 hour

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14
Q

Shelf life of FFP?

A

3 years of stored at -30 degrees

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15
Q

When must FFP be transfused by after leaving storage?

A

Within 4 hours

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16
Q

Group a blood carries which antigen on red cell membrane?

A

A antigen

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17
Q

Group A blood has which antibodies in plasma?

A

B antibodies

18
Q

Which is the most common ABO blood group?

A

Group O

19
Q

Group B carried which Antigen on red blood cells?

A

B antigen

20
Q

Group b has which antibodies in plasma ?

A

A antibodies

21
Q

Group AB carries which antigen on red cell membrane?

A

A and B antigen

22
Q

Group AB has which antibodies in plasma?

A

No antibodies

23
Q

Group O has which antigens on red cell membrane?

A

No antigens

24
Q

Group O has which antibodies in plasma?

A

A and B antibodies

25
Q

What blood group can be given to any group?

A

O

26
Q

What blood group can receive from any group?

A

AB

27
Q

What chromosome fro ABO blood groups?

A

Chromosome 9

28
Q

What chromosome for Rh(D) ?

A

Chromosome 1

29
Q

What Rh(D) status is more common?

A

Positive

30
Q

Mixing anti A antibodies with group A red cells will have what effect?

A

Agglutination

31
Q

What test screens for irregular red cell antibodies?

A

Indirect Antiglobulin test (IAT)

Add human IgG antibody

32
Q

Indications for red cell transfusion?

A

Anaemia

Acute blood loss

33
Q

Approach to acute blood loss?

A 
Stop bleeding
IV access
Samples for cross match 
Restore and maintain blood volume 
Screen and cross match 
Try maintain normal pulse rate, BP, consciousness, urine output >30ml/hr, Hb>100g/L
34
Q

Physiological responses to acute blood loss?

A

Increased HR and contractile force
Vasoconstriction
Pulmonary hyperventilation

35
Q

Indications for platelet transfusion?

A 
Low platelet count
Age
Symptoms of bleeding 
Direction of change of platelet count 
Platelet kinetics 
Underlying infection/ fever
Surgery requirement 
Functional defects
36
Q

Indications for FFP?

A

Impaired coagulation
Coagulopathy
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

37
Q

Managing urticarial reaction to transfusion?

A

Slow transfusion and consider anti histamines

38
Q

Action towards immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

Stop transfusion
IV fluids
Obtain blood samples
Senior

39
Q

When would a delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction present?

A

About 5-10 days following transfusion

40
Q

Immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction is associated with what antibody?

A

IgM antibodies

41
Q

Likely causes of bacterial infection with red cells?

A

Psuedomonas

Yersinia

42
Q

Likely cause of bacterial infection with platelets?

A

Staph
Strep
Serratia
Salmonella

Haematology (25 decks)

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