Blood Transfusion

Question 1

What does the transfusion service supply?

Answer 1

Blood components

Blood products

Question 2

What are considered blood components?

Answer 2

Red cells
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate

Question 3

What are considered blood products?

Answer 3

Human albumin 
IV immunoglobulin 
Human normal immunoglobulin 
Specific immunoglobulin 
Anti-D immunoglobulins 
Prothrombin complex concentrates

Question 4

How are blood components obtained?

Answer 4

Centrifuging anticoagulated blood

Question 5

How are blood products obtained?

Answer 5

Subjecting human plasma to manufacturing process to obtain various plasma fractions

Question 6

What do you obtain from one blood donation?

Answer 6

1 unit red cells
1 unit plasma
1/4 of adult therapeutic dose of platelets

Question 7

What does the blood next to be tested for?

Answer 7

HIV 1 and 2 - PCR and antibody 
HCV - PCR and antibody 
HBV- PCR and antibody 
Syphilis - antibody 
HTLV 1 and II - antibody 
HEV - PCR

Question 8

When centrifuged, where are the different components?

Answer 8

Red cells at bottom - most dense
Plasma at top - least dense
Buffs coat in between

Question 9

Shelf life of red cells?

Answer 9

35 days

Question 10

After leaving controlled storage, when must red cells be transfused by?

Answer 10

Within 4 hours

Question 11

Shelf life of platelets ?

Answer 11

7 days

Question 12

Why must platelets be stored with continual agitation?

Answer 12

Promotes gas exchange

Question 13

When must platelets be transfused by after leaving controlled storage ?

Answer 13

Within 1 hour

Question 14

Shelf life of FFP?

Answer 14

3 years of stored at -30 degrees

Question 15

When must FFP be transfused by after leaving storage?

Answer 15

Within 4 hours

Question 16

Group a blood carries which antigen on red cell membrane?

Answer 16

A antigen

Question 17

Group A blood has which antibodies in plasma?

Answer 17

B antibodies

Question 18

Which is the most common ABO blood group?

Answer 18

Group O

Question 19

Group B carried which Antigen on red blood cells?

Answer 19

B antigen

Question 20

Group b has which antibodies in plasma ?

Answer 20

A antibodies

Question 21

Group AB carries which antigen on red cell membrane?

Answer 21

A and B antigen

Question 22

Group AB has which antibodies in plasma?

Answer 22

No antibodies

Question 23

Group O has which antigens on red cell membrane?

Answer 23

No antigens

Question 24

Group O has which antibodies in plasma?

Answer 24

A and B antibodies

Question 25

What blood group can be given to any group?

Answer 25

O

Question 26

What blood group can receive from any group?

Answer 26

AB

Question 27

What chromosome fro ABO blood groups?

Answer 27

Chromosome 9

Question 28

What chromosome for Rh(D) ?

Answer 28

Chromosome 1

Question 29

What Rh(D) status is more common?

Answer 29

Positive

Question 30

Mixing anti A antibodies with group A red cells will have what effect?

Answer 30

Agglutination

Question 31

What test screens for irregular red cell antibodies?

Answer 31

Indirect Antiglobulin test (IAT) | Add human IgG antibody

Question 32

Indications for red cell transfusion?

Answer 32

Anaemia | Acute blood loss

Question 33

Approach to acute blood loss?

Answer 33

``` Stop bleeding IV access Samples for cross match Restore and maintain blood volume Screen and cross match Try maintain normal pulse rate, BP, consciousness, urine output >30ml/hr, Hb>100g/L ```

Question 34

Physiological responses to acute blood loss?

Answer 34

Increased HR and contractile force Vasoconstriction Pulmonary hyperventilation

Question 35

Indications for platelet transfusion?

Answer 35

``` Low platelet count Age Symptoms of bleeding Direction of change of platelet count Platelet kinetics Underlying infection/ fever Surgery requirement Functional defects ```

Question 36

Indications for FFP?

Answer 36

Impaired coagulation Coagulopathy Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Question 37

Managing urticarial reaction to transfusion?

Answer 37

Slow transfusion and consider anti histamines

Question 38

Action towards immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 38

Stop transfusion IV fluids Obtain blood samples Senior

Question 39

When would a delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction present?

Answer 39

About 5-10 days following transfusion

Question 40

Immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction is associated with what antibody?

Answer 40

IgM antibodies

Question 41

Likely causes of bacterial infection with red cells?

Answer 41

Psuedomonas | Yersinia

Question 42

Likely cause of bacterial infection with platelets?

Answer 42

Staph Strep Serratia Salmonella