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Haematology > Haemolysis > Flashcards

Haemolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemolysis?

A

Premature red cell destruction

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2
Q

What is compensated haemolysis?

A

Increased red cell destruction is compensated by increased red cell production therefore Hb is maintained

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3
Q

Is haemolysis compensated in haemolytic anaemia ?

A

No, decompensated - rate of destruction exceeds bone marrow capacity for red cell production - Hb falls

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4
Q

What is erythroid hyperplasia?

A

Increased bone marrow production of red cells

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5
Q

Blood film of haemolysis is polychromatic or hypochromatic?

A

Polychromatic due to reticulocytosis

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6
Q

Classification of haemolysis?

A

Intravascular - red cells destroyed within circulation

Extravascular - red cells taken up by reticuloendothelial system

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7
Q

What happens in Extravascular haemolysis ?

A 
Hyperplasia at site of destruction - splenomegaly +/- hepatomegaly
Release of protoporphyrin :
- unconjugated bilirubinaemia
- urobilinogenuria 
Normal products products but in excess
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8
Q

Is Extravascular or intravascular haemolysis more common?

A

Extravascular

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9
Q

Results of intravascular haemolysis?

A

Haemoglobinaemia
Methaemalbuminaemia
Haemoglobinuria
Haemosiclerinuria

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10
Q

What is haemoglobinaemia?

A

Free haemoglobin in the circulation.

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11
Q

Causes of intravascular haemolysis ?

A

ABO incompatible blood transfusion
G6PD deficiency
Malaria
PNH, PCH

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12
Q

Haemolysis investigations?

A 
FBC and blood film 
Reticulocytes count 
Serum unconjugated bilirubin 
Serum haptoglobins
Urinary urobilinogen
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13
Q

Congenital causes of haemolysis

A

Red cell membrane abnormalities
Abnormal red cell metabolism
Abnormal haemoglobins

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14
Q

Acquired causes of haemolysis?

A 
Immune 
- autoimmune haemolysis 
- alloimmune haemolysis 
Mechanical red cell destruction 
Membrane defects
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15
Q

Congenitally, What could cause abnormal haemoglobin?

A

Sickle cell disease

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16
Q

Congenitally, what could cause abnormal red cell metabolism?

A

Failure to cope with oxidative stress - G6DP deficiency

Failure to generate ATP

17
Q

Congenitally, what could cause red cell membrane abnormalities?

A

Decreased membrane deformability
Increased transit time through spleen
Hereditary spherocytosis

18
Q

Causes of alloimmune haemolysis?

A

Haemolytic transfusion reaction

Haemolytic disease of newborn

Haematology (25 decks)

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