Pancreas, Liver, and the Gallbladder

Question 1

Two types of cells in the pancreas

Answer 1

• acinar cells - secrete enzymes
• ductal cells - secrete bicarbonate and water

Question 2

Enzymes that the acinar cell secretes

Answer 2

Main Enzymes
- pancreatic amylase
- pancreatic lipase
- Trypsinogen which turns into trypsin

Other enzymes (Zymogens)
- chymotrypsinogen (turns to chymotrypsin
- procarboxypeptidase (turns to carboxypeptidase)
- prophospholipase (turns to phospholipase)
- Procolipase (turns to colipase)

Question 3

What activates the zymogens?

Answer 3

• trypsin
• trypsinogen is turned into trypsin by enteropeptidase (brush border enzyme)

Question 4

What are the endocrine secretions from the pancreas?

Answer 4

• insulin (beta cells)
• glucagon (from alpha cells)
• somatostatin (from delta cells)

Question 5

Functions of the liver

Answer 5

• synthesis of bile
• excretion of waste products like bilirubin
• metabolism of macronutrients
• processing/metabolism of drugs and hormones

Question 6

What do hepatocytes do? (3 things)

Answer 6

• secretes bile into canaliculi
• imports waste products from the blood (bilirubin imported, GA added to it, added to bile for excretion)
• imports dietary nutrients (fructose metabolized to make glucose, which can then be stored or put back into the bloodstream for use)
• imports molecules to be metabolized and released back into bloodstream