Male and female anatomy ; gametogenesis

Question 1

Three main parts of the testes

Answer 1

• vas deferens - important for release
• epididymis - storage/maturation
• seminiferous tubules - production

Question 2

3 types of cells in the testes

Answer 2

Spermatocytes - Adult stem cell that develops sperm cells
Sertoli cells - blood/testes barrier and produces inhibin
Leydig cells - produce testosterone

Question 3

Different stages of sperm formation

Answer 3

Spermatogonia - 1,2 spermatocytes - Spermatids - Spermatozoa

Question 4

Two hormones that target the testes

Answer 4

Hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin releasing hormone which then causes LH (Luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) to be secreted by anterior pituitary

Question 5

What cells does LH affect?

Answer 5

• interstitial cells (testosterone producing cells)

Question 6

What cells does FSH affect?

Answer 6

• sustentacular/sertoli cells (drives spermatogenesis)
• also produces inhibin which is released in amounts that is proportional to sperm count
• inhibin inhibits follicle stimulating hormone, so that when test is high, inhibi is high, inhibiting/slowing down spermatogenesis

Question 7

What hormone recruits oogonia to continue meiosis every month?

Answer 7

• FSH

Question 8

Are oogonia going through meiosis during the fetal and child period?

Answer 8

During fetal - begin meiosis I and stop at prophase I
During childhood - remain inactive in cortex of immature ovary until puberty

Question 9

At birth, what occurs to the oogonia?

Answer 9

• millions of oogonia convert to 1st degree oocytes then die overtime until there are around 300,000 left when puberty begins

Question 10

During puberty, what occurs to the primary oocytes?

Answer 10

• one primary oocytes completes meiosis I every 28 day just prior to ovulation to become a secondary oocyte (stuck in metaphase II)

Question 11

What cells help the oocyte develop?

Answer 11

• theca and granulosa cells
• make up the follicle and surround the oocyte to help the oocyte develop by producing estrogen (theca cells create androstenedione which granulosa cells turn into estrogen)

Question 12

4 stages of follicle development

Answer 12

Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Graafian follicle

Question 13

What is in a primordial follicle

Answer 13

• primary oocyte
• granulosa cells

Question 14

What is in a primary follicle

Answer 14

• primary oocyte
• zona pellucida
• granulosa cells

Question 15

What is in a secondary follicle

Answer 15

• primary oocyte
• zona pellucida
• granulosa cells
• theca cells

Question 16

What is in a Graafian follicle

Answer 16

• secondary oocyte
• polar body
• zona pellucida
• granulosa cells
• theca cells
• antrum