Digestive overview Flashcards
1
Q
3 glands in the Oral Cavity
A
- Sublingual gland
- Parotid gland
- Submandibular gland
2
Q
Saliva composition (relating to each gland)
A
- Parotid gland - higher volume of watery saliva + enzymes
- Submandibular gland - watery saliva and mucus + enzymes
- Sublingual gland - secretes saliva that is more like mucus
3
Q
What is the main enzyme that facilitates chemical digestion in the oral cavity?
A
salivary amylase
4
Q
True/False - Lingual lipase that is secreted in the oral cavity starts breaking down fats immediately
A
False - it is activated in the stomach
5
Q
3 stages of motility in the oral cavity/esophagus
A
- chewing
- swallowing
- peristalsis
6
Q
3 stages of swallowing
A
- voluntary stage
- pharyngeal stage - closing off nasal cavity and trachea
- esophageal stage - food down esophagus (peristalsis)
7
Q
3 types of exocrine cells in stomach
A
- Mucous neck cells - mucus and bicarbonate
- Chief cells - pepsinogen and gastric lipase
- Parietal cells - HCl
8
Q
2 types of endocrine cells
A
- G cells - gastrin
- D cells- somatostatin
9
Q
3 types of mechanical digestion in the stomach
A
- propulsion - gentle mixing waves
- grinding - vigorous mixing
- retropulsion - vigorous movement of chyme back from antrum (pyloric sphincter slightly open)
10
Q
Chemical digestion in the stomach
A
HCl is key
- inactivates salivary amylase (carb digestion stops)
- activates lingual lipase (lipid digestion begins)
- converts pepsinogen to pepsin (protein digestion begins)
- gastric lipase also secreted in stomach
11
Q
HCl functions in stomach
A
- activates lingual lipase
- deactivates salivary amylase
- activates pepsinogen - pepsin
- kills microbes
- denatures proteins
- stimulates secretion of hormones
