Intro to endocrine system

Question 1

Difference between hormone and neurohormone

Answer 1

• hormone secreted into blood by glands
• neurohormone secreted into blood by neuron

Question 2

Characteristics of Protein Hormones

Answer 2

• hormones from hypothalamus, pituitary, and pancreas
  Precursor- amino acids
  Solubility - hydrophilic
• Receptor on membrane
• fast acting but short lived

Question 3

Characteristics of Steroid hormones

Answer 3

Examples - Estrogen, testosterone, cortisol
Precursor - cholesterol
Solubility - Lipophilic (bound to a protein)
Receptor is intracellular
Slow acting and long lived

Question 4

How do protein hormones exert their activity on their target cell?

Answer 4

-through secondary messengers like cAMP, GPCRs, and tyrosine kinase

Question 5

How do steroid hormones exert their activity on their target cell?

Answer 5

• hormone binds with receptor on cytoplasm, which enters nucleus and triggers gene transcription
• transcribed mRNA is translated into proteins that alter cell activity