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Pathophysiology > Pain and Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Pain and Thermodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Specific theory

A
  • pain is directly related to the amount of tissue injury
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2
Q

Gate control theory

A
  • mociceptive pain opens gate
  • non-nociceptive pain closes gate (touch)
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3
Q

Neuromatrix theory

A
  • patterns of nerve impulses
  • genetic, psychological and cognitive experiences (phantom pain)
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4
Q

A fibres

A
  • larger, myelinated, rapid transmission
  • sharp, well localized, “fast” pain sensation
  • cause reflex of withdrawl
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5
Q

C fibres

A
  • more numerous, smaller, and unmyelinated
  • local in muscle, tendon, body organs, skin
  • dull, aching, or durning; constant
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6
Q

Anterior spinothalmic tract

A

fast impulse or acute sharp pain

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7
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract

A

slow impulses for dull or persistant pain

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8
Q

sensory-discriminative system

A
  • identifying presence, character, location, and intensity of pain
    – makes us want to withdraw our hand or act to stop pain
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9
Q

Affective-motivational system

A

– conditioned avoidance behaviors and emotional responses to pain
– includes depression, anger, anxiety

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10
Q

Cognitive-evaluative system

A

– individual’s learned behaviour
– can modulate perception of pain

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11
Q

excititory neurotransmitter function

A

reduce activation thershold; increase responsiveness to nociceptors

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12
Q

excitatory neurotransmitter examples

A

prostiglandins, histamines, bradykinin, lymphokines

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13
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter example

A

GABA, norepinephrine and serotonin

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14
Q

Endogenous opiods function

A

inhibit transmission of pain impulses

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15
Q

endogenous opiods examples

A

morphinelike neuropeptides

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16
Q

what is the most common enkephalins

A

endorphins

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17
Q

enkephalins function

A
  • produce an exhilaration as well as pain releif
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18
Q

acute pain time

A

< 3 months

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19
Q

chronic pain time

A

> 3 months

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20
Q

somatic pain

A

surface or superficial

21
Q

visceral pain

A

originates from an organ

22
Q

reffered pain

A

pain coming from one area but felt in another

23
Q

somatic or cutaneous pain involves what fibers

A

A fibres

24
Q

visceral pain involves what fibres

A

C fibres

25
Q

neuropathic pain

A
  • primary lesion or dysfunction of the nervous syte,
  • long term changes in path pathway structures and abnormal processing of information
26
Q

neuropathic pain is often treated with

A

anticonvulsion and antidepressents

27
Q

peripheral neuropathic pain examples

A

diabetic neuropathy, nerve entrapment, chronic pancreatitis

28
Q

central neuropathic pain

A

brain or spinal column tramua, tumor, multiple sclerosis, phantom limb pain

29
Q

acute pain purpose

A

protectivec

30
Q

chronic pain purpose

A

none

31
Q

acute pain cause

A

present

32
Q

chronic pain cause

A

commonly absent

33
Q

acute pain prognosis

A

predictable

34
Q

chronic pain prognosis

A

unpredictable

35
Q

acute pain nerve conduction

A

rapid

36
Q

chronic pain nerve conduction

A

slow

37
Q

acute pain associated illness

A

uncommon

38
Q

chronic pain associated illness

A

depression/anxiety

39
Q

acute pain treatment

A

analgesic

40
Q

chronic pain treatment

A

multimodal

41
Q

neuromatrix theory

A
  • multiple factors contribute to pain
  • genetic, psychological, sensory, emotional, and cognitive experiences
42
Q

sings and symptoms of neuropathic pain

A
  • pain begins in one area, spreads to multiple points in the body
  • fatigue (affects daily living)
43
Q

what is an example of neuropathic pain

A

fibromyalgia

44
Q

thermoregulation is mediated by

A

the hypothalmus and endocrine system

45
Q

radiation

A
  • heat loss/transfer through electromagnetic waves
  • no contact
46
Q

convection

A
  • heat loss through movement of air across skin
47
Q

conduction

A
  • heat transfer
  • movement of heat from one object to another
48
Q

fever

A
  • temporary increase in body temperature
  • reset its internal thermostat in response to exogenous and endogenous pyrogens
49
Q

fever benefits

A
  • Kills bacteria
  • ↓ bacteria replication
  • Prevents viral replication
  • Facilitates immune response
  • ↑phagocytosis

Pathophysiology (9 decks)

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