Pain

Question 1

Transduction

Answer 1

a nociceptor experiencing an outside stimulus and generating a new nerve impulse towards the brain

Question 2

Pain threshold

Answer 2

level of stimulation to activate the nerve endings, this remains constant.

Question 3

What’s Hyperalgesia

Answer 3

threshold is lower, transduction/depolarisation occurs more readily. Tissues are already inflamed. Think arthritis, simple movement painful as joint capsules are inflamed.

Question 4

Pain tolerance

Answer 4

the ability to withstand pain, this varies greatly between individuals.

Question 5

Why do we get pain

Alerts
Protective mechanism

Answer 5

Protective mechanism

Pain is generated at the point tissues are starting to become damaged.

Question 6

What is sensory pain

Answer 6

How it physically feel

Question 7

Emotional components of pain

Answer 7

How you feel about the unpleasant pain

Question 8

Autonomic component of pain is…

Answer 8

Physical reaction, tachycardia, tachponeeic, hypertensive (lil bit), nausea, diaphoretic

Question 9

Motor component of pain is…

Answer 9

Withdraw from pain, vocalize the pain, purposefully lying still

Lying still (carefull for children and ask questions to patients a
Parents)

Question 10

Nociceptors

Answer 10

Thermal
Mechanical These 3 activate these
Chemical

sensory neurons - free nerve endings in tissues, sensitive to tissue damage/potential damage.

Connected to the central nervous system
Nociceptors can be activated by three types of stimulus within the target tissue - thermal (temperature), mechanical (stretch/strain) and chemical (pH change as a result of local inflammatory process)

Question 11

Where do we NOT have any pain receptors ?

Answer 11

Inner lumen of stomach
Pericardium

Question 12

What has the most nociceptors in the body ??

Answer 12

Renal capsule

Question 13

What brain injury may a patient not feel?

Abbrations
Fracture
Lacerations
Contusion

Answer 13

Contusion

The patient still get the symptoms

Question 14

Are A fibres myelinated or non-myelinated

Answer 14

Myelinated for red

5metres to 40 metres a minute travel speed

Question 15

Are C fibres myelinated or non-myelinated
(This is a afferent fibre) A and C

Answer 15

Non-myelinated: impulse takes longer to pass through as they’re non-myelinated

Half a meter to 2 meteres per minutes for the impulse to travel to the brain

Question 16

What is a dermatome graph ?

Answer 16

A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, forming nerve roots that branch from your spinal cord. Your spinal nerves help to relay sensory, motor, and autonomic information between the rest of your body and your central nervous system (CNS).

Question 17

The impulse of pain is activated by what fibres a or c

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Why can’t you pin point the pain in a certain area ?

Answer 18

Because it’s a more diffused pain as there are not as many pain receptors. They are less in number In certain areas! So areas in body there may be just a certain type of receptors like chemical and physical but not thermal

Question 19

Referred pain what is it

Answer 19

identified somewhere other than where it is generated, usually in an organ or deep in a muscle, referred in a predictable way.

Often visceral in origin

Question 20

Where does neuropathic pain originate from ?

Answer 20

The nerve it’s self

“Neuralgia” can be described as burning, tingling or shooting pain amongst other descriptors

• Can be triggered by temperature (usually cold), light touch, slight movement.

• Can experience sudden “flare ups” of neuralgia

Question 21

Trigeminal neuralgia pain is where ?

Answer 21

usually affects one side of the face. In some cases it can affect both sides, although not usually at the same time. The pain can be in the teeth, lower jaw, upper jaw or cheek. Less commonly the pain can also be in the forehead or eye.

Question 22

Which nerve is effected in Trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 22

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also known as tic douloureux,

is a type of chronic pain disorder that involves sudden, severe facial pain. It affects the trigeminal nerve, or fifth cranial nerve, which provides feeling and nerve signaling to many parts of the head and face.

Question 23

What is phantom pain ?

Answer 23

Is pain/unpleasant sensation felt in an amputated limb 🦵

Not fully understood, mostly unresponsive to analgesia

Question 24

What kind of medication is diclofenac sodium ?

Answer 24

NSAID

Question 25

What are the 3 chemical components involved in pain ?

Answer 25

Bradykinin, histamine and prostaglandin