Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2: Pathophysiology 🫀 > Ears, Eyes, Other Sensory Organs > Flashcards

Ears, Eyes, Other Sensory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of vertigo ?

A

Peripheral and central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Labyrinth is a condition of what type of vertigo ?

A

Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BPPV is a condition of type of what vertigo ?

Peripheral or central

A

Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What area does does central vertigo effect ?
Hint; both areas are in the brain 🧠

A

Brainstem and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does peripheral vertigo effect ?

A

Caused by inner ear problems or vestibulocochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does vertigo effect?

AODL

A

Significant falls
Social anxiety
Panic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Investigations that are done for vertigo ?

A

Imaging
Full neuro exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What condition in relation to vertigo would a patient need CBT?

Aka: head movements to help someone manage the symptoms

A

Benign paroxysmal postural Vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ménière’s disease

What’s she onset ?

A

20-60 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ménière’s disease:
How long are attacks

A

2-4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ménière’s disease:

What is Ménière’s disease associated with ?

Hint: It’s a type of headache

A

Migraines
50% people suffer with migraines and the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is memories disease associated with?

A

Autoimmune thyroid disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the mechanism behind Ménière’s disease

A

Blockage of the endolymphatic duct
Causing a build of fluid in the membraneous labyrinth that causes dilation known as hydrops

(majority of cases, but reports say 6% of autopsies seat there have been blockages to this duct but have never complained of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of Ménière’s disease

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of Ménière’s disease

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many types of retinal detachment is there

5
3
4
2

A

3

Accronym: RTE

17
Q

Section: ears, eyes & sensory organs

What is Ottitis media

A

Infection of middle ear

18
Q

What ages does otitis media effect

2-12 months
7-18 months
6-15 months

A

6-15months

19
Q

What other conditions are under the umbrella’ term otitis media?

There’s 4

A

Acute otitis media
Otitis media with effusion
Cholesteatoma
Mastitis

20
Q

What is otitis media’???

A

Inflammation in the middle ear

21
Q

What’s otitis media with effusion

A

Fluid in the ear

22
Q

Ear eyes and sensory organs:

What’s cholesteatoma

A

Skin cells growing in the inner ear where there shouldn’t be and it’s a benign tumour that requires surgery to prevent deafness

23
Q

Ear, eyes and sensory organs

Mastoiditis what is this and what can it develop to become into ?

What’ other inner ear condition is this related to

A

Bacteria that enters the bone that surrounds the ear and becomes infected with bacteria.

Puss and excudate might be seen

Its secondary’ to (AOM) acute otitis media

This can be seen in babies behind the ear when it looks inflamed and red

24
Q

Why are children affected with mastoiditis primarily ?

A

Because the angle of Eustachian tube, the lumen is larger in adults and that’s why infection is less likely to develop !!

25
Q

How will the child present with otitis media

A

Agonising pain
Pyrexia
Sensation of water in ear with effusion

26
Q

Potential complications of otitis media

A

Mastoiditis
Meningitis

27
Q

How long would it take for a ruptured tympanic membrane to heal

A

3 months

28
Q

Cataracts

Is it one or both eyes where the patients will complain about these symptoms

A

1 eye

29
Q

What is a cataract ?

A

Hardening of the lens in the eye

30
Q

How many types of cataracts are there ?

2
3
4
5

A

3

Accronym: NPC

Media: effects nucleas of the eye (close up focus issues. Second sight: means when pts have a temporary improvement of sight to rn gets worse this is in nuclear cataract
(This is slow and takes years to develop )

Posterior sub capsular cataracts: this is effects the capsule that holds the lens
Associated with steroid use, Hx of eye trauma where they had to take dexamethasone eye drops increases risk of diabetes and extreme near sightedness. This develops very quickly within months

Cortical: effect the outer rim of lens
Significant issues with depth perceptions
This is very slow so takes years to develop

There are congenital cataracts associated with inter uterine infectional trauma during pregnancy and also genetic

You’ll see it with pts who’ have:
Myotite dystrophy
neurofibromytosis type 2
Rubella inutero

31
Q

Risk factors to getting cataracts

Name a few the photo of the list is at the back

A
32
Q

Conjunctivitis:
- is this contagious ?

A

Yes

Pts presents with prieur equilar lymphoedema which are the lymph glands that are directly anterior to your ears. They are usually enlarged in conjunction with the eye on the same side

If u palpate the

33
Q

Viral conjinctivitis will take how long to resolve?

5 -10 days
7 -10 days
2 - 12 days

A

7-10 days and tell your patient they can either wash out the eye with sterile saline or prepare an eye bath with water but they’ll need to boil the water and allow to 🆒

If it doesn’t resolve a opthalmology referral via GP
(we can PHONE GP for that referral for the patient)

Bacterial can be treated topically by getting antibiotics like clorinfenical to smear around the eye, eye lids and works better than drops as it won’t come out with tears etc. they can be bought over counter

Cyclic acid can be used where they are taking the enzymes if the bacteria outside so its at its optimum level so it’s less efficient at multiplying to give the immune system more time to deal with it.

🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩

Soft contact lens wearers which could lead to keratitis rather than it’ being bacterial

Oral antihistamines can help

Be aware of of potential STI or herpes virus involevemenr so if you go to a new born who presents with conjunctivitis so we can think they may have got this from the birthing canal or

chicken pox patients / shingles that effects the top of their noses. This could be a sign that the optic nerve could be involved

🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩

Trip to pharmacy with worsening care instructions are needed not hospital

34
Q

Macular degeneration:

Signs and symptoms

A
35
Q

what is macular degeneration. ?

A

The macular is the most sensitive & a common condition that affects the middle part of your vision.

People struggle to read as they are focusing there have degeneration on that part which focuses

36
Q

There are 2 different forms of macular degenerations.

What are they

A

Drusen is essentially little clusters of fatty lipids under the macular.

Wet - because blood is involved.

37
Q

What ages does juvenile macular degeneration occur in ?

5-30
6-20

A

6-20

Pts would need to hold two recessive genes 🧬 from parents to have this type

38
Q

Which type of macular degeneration would you need to advise to stop eating excessive amounts of vitamin A in their diets. The genes they have a faulty copy of is the one that breaks down vit A

A

Juvenile

Year 2: Pathophysiology 🫀 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions