Complications In Pregnacy n

Question 1

What changes would you expect to see on the cardio system ?

Answer 1

⬆️ ventricular wall mass
⬆️ myocardial contractility
Strike volume
⬆️HR - would NOT be noticible
⬆️Peripheral dilation
⬆️ cardiac output (in the first 8 wks by 20% and by 40% in 20-28wks)
_ reduced colloid inciting pressure (odema to legs (face,chest and neck is cause of concern - signs of pre-eclampsia)

Question 2

What positions should we avoid to put pregnant women in?

Answer 2

Supine

Compression of vena cava reducing venous return and reduces CO the reduced uterine blood flow and placental blood flow

Question 3

What sided would a paramedic displace the uterus in a cardiac arrest situation?

Answer 3

Left

Question 4

What does PIH stand for ?

Answer 4

Pregnancy induced hypertension

Persistently high 140/90 at 20 wks and over

Question 5

What can PIH (prengnancy induced Hypertension)
Can cause what to the blood vessels

Answer 5

Damage

Question 6

PIH have a higher chance of developing what? In relation to cardiovascular stuff

Answer 6

Cardiac failiure and strokes

Question 7

What changes to the respiratory system is shown ?

Think diaphragm

Answer 7

Question 8

What is hyperemesis gravidarium?

Answer 8

Prolonged vomiting

Question 9

What hormaome in present in pregnant women in the first few weeks of pregnancy and is known to be related to morning sickness?

Oestrogen
Progesterone
HgC

Answer 9

HgC

Question 10

Issues with increased in progesterone which is a smooth muscle relaxant in pregnancy ?

Answer 10

Question 11

There is an increase in blood volume. What percentage does plasma volume increase by ?

60%
50%
40%
80%

Answer 11

50

Question 12

The plasma increase is greater than the RBC mass what symptoms can a lady have ?

Think anemia

Answer 12

SOB - indicates anemia

Question 13

What’s the normal platelet count in a microliter of blood ?

150-450
170–450
120-450
160–450
190-450

Answer 13

150-450

Question 14

In pregnant women the levels of platelets may drop to what : …

50-100
100-150
120-150
20-90

Answer 14

100-150

Question 15

Thrombocytopenia is what

Answer 15

Drop in platelet number below 100 thousand

Question 16

What can thrombocytopenia cause

What conditions are caused by low protein counts

Hint: 3 conditions

Answer 16

Pre-eclampsia
HELLP syndrome
ITP - idiopathic thrombocytic purpura
(ITP: rash shown on photo)

Question 17

What’s folate important for the production of ?

🧬

Answer 17

DNA, RNA and metabolizes amino acids

Question 18

Which vitamin can mask a deficiency of vitamin B9

Vit B……

Answer 18

Vitamin B12

Question 19

What’s vitamin vb12 important for

Synthesis if what in which system ?

Answer 19

Synthesis of myelin that can effect the nervous system of feutus

Question 20

What clotting factors are there an increase in there’s 3

Factor ll
Factor lll
Factor X
Factors Xl
Factor V
Factor Vll
Factor Vlll

Answer 20

Answer in photo shown including other things that are increased.

Important note since the fibrinogen this can mean ur pt 3 months post birth can have a risk of DVT etc

Question 21

What happens in pre-eclampsia

Answer 21

High BP over 140/90
Kidney dysfunction
HELLP syndrome
Coagulation disorders

Question 22

Signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia

Answer 22

Headache !
Visual changes
Abdo / chest pain
Seizures
N&V

Question 23

What’s the eclampsia in pre-eclampsia

Answer 23

The fits and seizures

Question 24

Disseminated intravascular coagulation what is this ?

Answer 24

Secondary to pre-eclampsia where the placenta is a ruptured placenta

Question 25

Ruptured placenta is caused by?

Answer 25

increased activated clotting mechanism
And causes blood clots

Increased risk of PEs, CVAs

More detailed:

there is widespread activation of the blood coagulation system leading to excessive generation and disseminated deposition of fibrin clots in small and midsize vessels, which alters the microcirculation leading to ischaemic necrosis in various organs …

Question 26

Titles: Complicatuons of Ageing

Where is this present from ?

Answer 26

Birth

Question 27

What is the period of senescence ?

What age range did it relate from

Child to adult
Adult to old
Old to death

Answer 27

Old to death

Question 28

Title: Ageing complication

Why’s there an increasing aging population?

Answer 28

• Technological advances etc
• Healthier diets

Question 29

Title: Ageing complication
What does apoptosis represent ?

Answer 29

Cell death

Question 30

Title: ageing complications

Names the changes to the cardiovascular system

Answer 30

Question 31

Title: Ageing complication

Respiratory changes

Answer 31

Calcification and muscle atrophy means the the ribs might not move as they used to !! (Rib expansion issues)

E,.g coughs won’t be effective and risk to aspiration pneumonia

See imagine

Question 32

Title: Ageing complication

Name a few Nervous system changes

(1) how many grams does the brain weight decrease by?

Answer 32

175g

Question 33

Title: Ageing complication

More changes to the nervous system ?

Answer 33

Neuro decline leads to slower thought processes etc

Myelin sheath damage: can be shown in patients who have issues with or more sensitive to temperatures e.g elderly man may have a few blankets and sheets in the summer

Neurofibril: provide structural suppr on nerve axon and in collaboration with artherosclerosis leads to organic brain syndrome (dementia & delirium)