Paediatrics in Endocrine Flashcards
What is one of the most common chronic diseases seen in children?
Type 1 diabetes
How many type 1 diabetic children present with DKA?
25%
What is the pH in diabetic ketoacidosis?
<7.3
What are the symptoms of DKA?
comiting, abdo pain, altered consciousness, acidotic breathing
What is the commonest symptom of new diabetes in children?
polyuria, nocturnal enuresis
What is secondary/tertiary thyroid disease usually associated with?
hypopituitarism
What are the clinical symptoms of congenital thyroid disease?
delayed jaundice
poor feeding but normal weight gain
hypotonia (decreased muscle tone)
skin and hair changes
What tests for congenital thyroid disease and when is this done?
Guthrie test, day 5
What does Guthrie test measure?
TSH or T4
What does absence of thyroxine after 3 months of age lead to?
permanent developmental delay (cretinism)
Can hypothyroidism delay puberty?
Yes
What is the treatment for children with hypothyroidism?
thyroxine replacement for life
Is hyperthyroidism common in the young?
NO
What general symptoms may occur with hyperthyroidism in the young?
behavior problems, sleep disturbance, eating difficulties
What can hyperthyroidism cause to happen to puberty?
precocious puberty
What crisis can congenital adrenal hyperplasia cause?
Addison crisis (low sodium, low BP, high K)
What is and Addisons crisis?
absent cortisol and aldosterone
What does an Addison crisis require?
urgent salt and cortisol therapy
What can congenital adrenal hyperplasia also cause in terms of virilisation?
female - ambiguous genitialia
male - precocious puberty
