Clinical Presentations in Endocrine

Question 1

anorexia, weight loss, fatigue/lethargy/dizziness/low BP, abdo pain, womiting, diarrhoea and skin pigmentation

Answer 1

Addison’s Disease

Question 2

What causes the skin pigmentation in Addison’s?

Answer 2

high ACTH levels

Question 3

Clinical features similar to Addisons except skin is pale due to no rise in ACTH and aldoesterone production is intact

Answer 3

secondary adrenal insufficiency

Question 4

Central obesity, moon fact, buffalo hump, acne, thinning of skin, telangiectasia, stretch marks, proximal muscle weakness, osteoporosis, hisutism, amenorrhea, insomnia, euphoria, easy bruising

Answer 4

Cushings

Question 5

significant hypertension, hypokalaemia and alkalosis

Answer 5

primary aldosteronism

Question 6

Adrenal insuffiency poor weight gain in males

Genital ambiguity in females

Answer 6

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 7

Labile hypertension, postural hypotension, paroxysmal swearing, headache, pallor, tachycardia

Answer 7

Phaeochromocytoma

Question 8

coarse sparsa hair, expressionless face, periorbital puffiness, doughy skin, vitiligo

Answer 8

Hypothyroidism

Question 9

reduced heart rate, cardiac dilatation, worsening of heart failure, hyperlipidaemia, decreased appetite, weight gain

Answer 9

hypothyroidism

Question 10

AF, anxiety, loose bowel movements, lighter bleeding, weight loss

Answer 10

hyperthyroidism

Question 11

palpable nodules on thyroid

Answer 11

papillary thyroid cancer

Question 12

thirst, dehydration, confusion, polyuria

Answer 12

acute hypercalcaemia

Question 13

myopathy, osteopaenia, fractures, depression, hypertension, abdominal pain

Answer 13

chronic hypercalcaemia

Question 14

paraesthesia, muscle cramps and weakness, fatigue, bronchospasm/laryngospasm, fits, Chovstek’s sign (tapping over facial nerve) and Trousseau sign (carpopedal spasm)

Answer 14

hypocalcaemia

Question 15

QT prolongation on ECG

Answer 15

hypocalcaemia

Question 16

bone abnormalities, obesity, subcutaenous calcification, mental retardation, brachdactylyl of 4th metacarpal

Answer 16

pseudohypoparathyroidism

Question 17

bone pain, fractures, nerve compression

Answer 17

Paget’s

Question 18

Midline swelling, moves with tongue

Answer 18

thyroglossal cyst

Question 19

soft, non flucuant midline swelling

Answer 19

demoid cyst

Question 20

Lymphatic lesion arising in posterior triangle of neck

Answer 20

cystic hygroma

Question 21

Pain and swelling around mealtimes

Answer 21

salivary gland stones

Question 22

Absent/incomplete puberty

Answer 22

idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Question 23

galactorrhoea common, also amenorrhoea

Answer 23

hyperprolactinemia

Question 24

short stature, webbed neck, shield chest with wide nipples, underdeveloped breasts, no menstruation,

Answer 24

Turner’s syndrome

Question 25

Amenorrhea, raised FSH, low oestriodiol levels

Answer 25

Premature ovarian failure

Question 26

Oligo/amenorrhoea

Clinical or biochemical signgs of ahyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism)

Answer 26

POS

Question 27

abdo/pelvic pain, febrile, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, vaginal discharge, dysmenorrhoea

Answer 27

Hydrosalpinx due to PID

Question 28

dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, menorrhagia, painful defecation, chronic pelvic pain, infertility

Answer 28

Endometriosis

Question 29

Insidious onset of increased thirst, worsening polyuria, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, abdo pain, Kussmaul breathing

Answer 29

DKA

Question 30

Extreme thirst, warm dry skin that doesn’t sweat, fever, sleepiness/confusion, loss of vision, hallucination, weaknesss on one side of body

Answer 30

hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non-kerotic state

Question 31

headaches, visual field defects, gradual chance of appearance (englargement of hands, feet, frontal bossing, thickened nose, big tongue, growth of jaw etc)

Answer 31

acromegaly

Question 32

cyclic pelvic pain, amenorrhea, urinary retension, constipation, back pain, nausea and diarrhoea

Answer 32

imperforate hymen

Question 33

female external genitalia

Answer 33

complete androgen insensitivity

Question 34

Amenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea, infertility, pain during menstruation

Answer 34

Asherman syndrome

Question 35

abdo pain, palpable abdo mass, abdnormal vaginal bleeding, ascited, pseudo-Meigs syndrome

Answer 35

Stuma Ovarii