Paediatrics🧸 Flashcards
3 classic symptoms of croup
Barking cough
Hoarse voice
Inspriatory stridor
What age is HPV vaccine routinely given?
12-13
Symptoms of Hirschprung disease (4)
Delayed meconium passage
Constipation
Abdominal distension
Explosive stool release following DRE
What age is the MenACWY vaccine offered?
17-18
Second line treatment for Croup
Nebulised adrenaline - if dexamethasone fails
Bronchiolitis management upon hospital admission?
High flow oxygen
What is Palivizumab and what is it used for?
A monoclonal antibody
Prevention of RSV infections
What is the next step in acute asthma attack after partial response to bronchodilator?
Oral prednisolone
What starts to happen when intussusception is progressing to complication?
Abdominal distension and tenderness
Pathophysiology of Hirschsprung’s disease
Absence of ganglion cells in my enteric and submucosal plexus
Rescue medication for children with recurrent febrile seizures
Rectal diazepam or buccal midazolam
What diseases are included in the 6 in 1 vaccine?
Diphtheria
Hepatitis B
Hib (h.influenzae b)
Polio
Tetanus
Whooping cough
When is the 6 in 1 vaccine given?
8, 12, 16 weeks old
What sign is found on abdominal US for intussusception?
Target sign
Most appropriate investigation to confirm IgE mediated CMPA?
Serum-specific IgE testing
Typical age Perthe’s disease presents
4-8 yrs
Symptoms of Perthe’s disease
Gradual onset painless limp
Restricted hip movement
X ray findings Perthe’s disease
Femoral head flattening
Reduction in epiphysis size
Complication of Hirschsprung’s disease
Toxic mega colon
Neurological exam findings in cerebral palsy
Toe-walking
Scissor gait
Increased muscle tone
Brisk reflexes
Positive Babinski sign
Symptoms of CMPA?
Frequent vomiting
Loose stools - sometimes blood
Poor weight gain
Abdominal distension
Erythematous skin changes
Most appropriate investigation for non-IgE mediated CMPA?
Elimination diet and challenge
Key clinical feature of DDH?
Limited hip abduction
Classic presentation of Meckel’s diverticulum?
Painless rectal bleeding
Normal US
No other history
3 signs of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis
Fever
Abdo distension
Explosive diarrhoea
Gold Standard investigation for Meckel’s diverticulum
Technetium-99m pertechnetate scan
What is a Technetium-99m pertechnetate scan?
Nuclear imaging - ‘Meckel’s scan’
Detects ectopic gastric mucosa
4 areas of child development
Gross motor
Fine motor
Hearing and speech
Social
When should a baby have a social smile?
8 weeks
When should a baby sit with support?
6 months
When should a baby pull to stand?
12 months
When should a baby have pincer grip?
9 months
Gold standard investigation for Hirschsprung’s
Rectal biopsy
First line treatment for closing a patent ductus arteriosus
IV indomethacin or ibuprofen
Fragile X syndrome inheritance pattern
X linked dominant
3 facial features of fragile X
Macroencephaly
Prominent ears and jaw
Empirical antibiotics for neonatal bacterial meningitis
IV cefotaxime and IV amoxicillin
Whooping cough antibiotic
Azithromycin
Bronchiolitis treatment
Supportive - oxygenation & hydration
How long should a febrile convulsion last to warrant calling ambulance
> 5 mins
When does cow’s milk protein allergy usually resolve
By 5 years old
Causative organism of hand, foot and mouth disease
Coxsackievirus
Patent ductus arteriosus - management postnatal
Indomethacin or ibuprofen given to baby
3 signs of tetralogy of fallout
Cyanosis or collapse in 1st month
Hypercyanotic spells
Ejection systolic murmur left SE
Whooping cough school exclusion
48 hours after starting antibiotics
What to monitor when given methylphenidate
Weight and height every 6 months
Most common cause of stridor in children
Laryngomalacia
Peak age of Bronchiolitis
3-6 months age
When to review an undescended testicle in a newborn
3 months
First line treatment croup
Oral dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg
Most common causative organism of Bronchiolitis
RSV
Risk factor for neonatal hypoglycaemia
Born <37 weeks
What type of collagen defect is in osteogenesis imperfecta?
Type 1
Best test for mumps
IgM salivary testing
