Haematology🩸 Flashcards
What does TAILS stand for?
Thalassaemia
Anaemia of chromic disease
Iron deficiency
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic
HbA2 results in B thalassaemia
High
HbA2 results in alpha thalassaemia
Normal or low
Key symptoms of anaphylactic blood transfusion reaction (3)
Resp distress
Wheezing
Skin - rash
Initial management of cold AIHA
Avoid cold
Initial management of warm AIHA
Prednisolone
Factor reduced in haemophilia B
IX
Management for severe haemophilia B
Prophylactic recombinant factor IX
What is the Philadelphia chromosome
Translocations between 9 and 22
Philadelphia chromosome is hallmark of what blood cancer
CML
Diagnostic test for ALL
Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
“Dry tap” on bone marrow aspiration is usually due to what
Bone marrow fibrosis
First line treatment for symptomatic myelofibrosis
Ruxolitinib
Ruxolitinib MOA
JAK1/2 inhibitor
Characteristic blood results of warm AIHA (5)
Haemolysis
Reticulocytosis
Elevated bilirubin
Raised LDH
Low haptoglobin
What does Coomb’s test test for
Direct antiglobulin - IgG and/or C3d
Initial CML treatment
Imatinib
Imatinib MOA
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Presence of what genes confirms CML
BCR-ABL1 fusion
Philadelphia chromosome
Lymphoma with alcohol induced pain
Hodgkin’s
DIC is characterised by what feature
Simultaneous thrombosis and bleeding due to consumption of clotting factors and platelets
Haemophilia blood test results - aPTT, PT, bleeding time
Prolonged aPTT
Normal PT
Normal bleeding time
Intrinsic pathway dysfunction leads to prolonged what
Prolonged aPTT
Management of TACO
Stop transfusion
Furosemide
Symptoms of AML (4)
Fatigue
Frequent infections
Bruising
Bleeding
Polycythemia Vera can progress to what blood cancer
CML
Clopidogrel MOA
Irreversible inhibitor of P2Y12 receptor on platelets, preventing ADP-induced activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptors complex
Which haemophilia is more likely
A
Smudge cells suggest what
CLL
AML findings on blood film
Auer rods
Howell-Jolly bodies suggest what
Splenic dysfunction or absence
4 features of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
Fever
Hypotension
Nausea
Anxietu
2 Symptoms which suggest haemolysis
Fatigue
Mild jaundice
Reed-Sternberg cells are present in which blood cancer
Hodgkin’s
EBV is a risk factor for which blood cancer
Hodgkin’s
First line anti platelet for PV
Low-dose aspirin
What is Richter’s transformation
Usually CLL, progressing to more aggressive lymphoma, usually diffuse large B cell
2 characteristic features of aplastic anaemia - bloods, and bone marrow
Pancytopenia
Hypo cellular bone marrow
Initial treatment for mild-moderate haemophilia A
Desmopressin DDAVP
Sickle cell crisis initial management
IV morphine
