Cardiology🫀 Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of left sided HF? (3)

A

Breathlessness
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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2
Q

Type of murmur is aortic stenosis

A

Ejection systolic

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3
Q

Exam signs for aortic stenosis (3)

A

Ejection systolic murmur
Radiating to carotids
Slow rising pulse

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4
Q

Aortic stenosis can also cause…

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

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5
Q

3 causes of left ventricular hypertrophy

A

Aortic stenosis
Hypertension
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

How long do biprosthetic heart valves last for?

A

10-15 years

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7
Q

What anticoagulation is best for mechanical valves?

A

Warfarin or Heparin

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8
Q

Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)

A

Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge

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9
Q

Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)

A

Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge

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10
Q

Medical treatment of aortic regurgitation with HF

A

Diuretics

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11
Q

Treatment for aortic regurgitation if LV dilated

A

ACEi or ARB

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12
Q

Definitive treatment of aortic regurg

A

Valve replacement - not TAVI

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13
Q

Mitral regurgitation murmur

A

Pansystolic

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14
Q

What can cause mitral regurg after a STEMI?

A

Papillary muscle rupture

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15
Q

Valve problem caused after rheumatic fever

A

Mitral stenosis

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16
Q

Valve disease that may come acutely due to pregnancy

A

Mitral stenosis

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17
Q

Sound of mitral stenosis

A

Low pitched diastolic murmur

18
Q

Medical treatment for mitral stenosis

A

Warfarin - very high risk of VTE

19
Q

Treatment for pericarditis (3)

A

Underlying cause
NSAIDs
Colchicine 50mcg PO BD 3 months
Prednisolone if fails

20
Q

Cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Chronic alcohol use

21
Q

Secondary prevention medications in stable angina (2)

A

Low dose aspirin
Statin

+ ACEi - if diabetes or hypertension

22
Q

Causative organism of prosthetic valve endocarditis in months after surgery

A

Staph. Epidermidis

23
Q

Treatment of severe aortic stenosis

A

TAVI - preferred in high-risk, older patients

24
Q

Medication for suspected PE whilst waiting for CTPA

25
Common cause of mitral regurg in younger and middle-aged people
Mitral valve prolapse
26
Mitral valve prolapse characteristic sound
Mid-systolic click and late systolic murmur
27
Normal ejection fraction
~55-70%
28
Drug used in episodes of A Fib
Flecainide Contraindicated in structural heart disease and CAD
29
ECG findings in 2md degree HB Mobitz II
Constant normal PR interval Intermittent non-conducted P waves
30
What organism can reactivate herpes labialis (cold sores)
Strep. Pneumonaie
31
Pneumonic for culture negative infective endocarditis
HACEK Haemophilia Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella
32
Visual difference of venous vs arterial ulcer
Venous = irregular border, yellow sloughy skin Arterial = round, smooth, can be black
33
1st line acute rheumatic fever
IV Benpen STAT
34
What to do once PEA is detected in cardiac arrest
1mg adrenaline IV
35
What CHADS VASC score indicates anticoagulation in men and women?
> or = 2 for women > or = 1 for men
36
Treatment malignant hypertension
IV labetolol
37
Beck’s triad
Distended neck veins Muffled heart sounds Hypotension
38
Clinical feature of cardiac tamponade
Pulsus paradoxus - swinging of the heart
39
What drugs should be given after MI?
Dual antiplatelets ACEi Beta blocker Statin
40
Most common causative organism of viral myocarditis
Coxsackie B virus
41
1st line treatment Dressler’s syndrome
Aspirin
42