Cardiology🫀 Flashcards
Symptoms of left sided HF? (3)
Breathlessness
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Type of murmur is aortic stenosis
Ejection systolic
Exam signs for aortic stenosis (3)
Ejection systolic murmur
Radiating to carotids
Slow rising pulse
Aortic stenosis can also cause…
Left ventricular hypertrophy
3 causes of left ventricular hypertrophy
Aortic stenosis
Hypertension
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
How long do biprosthetic heart valves last for?
10-15 years
What anticoagulation is best for mechanical valves?
Warfarin or Heparin
Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)
Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge
Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)
Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge
Medical treatment of aortic regurgitation with HF
Diuretics
Treatment for aortic regurgitation if LV dilated
ACEi or ARB
Definitive treatment of aortic regurg
Valve replacement - not TAVI
Mitral regurgitation murmur
Pansystolic
What can cause mitral regurg after a STEMI?
Papillary muscle rupture
Valve problem caused after rheumatic fever
Mitral stenosis
Valve disease that may come acutely due to pregnancy
Mitral stenosis
Sound of mitral stenosis
Low pitched diastolic murmur
Medical treatment for mitral stenosis
Warfarin - very high risk of VTE
Treatment for pericarditis (3)
Underlying cause
NSAIDs
Colchicine 50mcg PO BD 3 months
Prednisolone if fails
Cause of dilated cardiomyopathy
Chronic alcohol use
Secondary prevention medications in stable angina (2)
Low dose aspirin
Statin
+ ACEi - if diabetes or hypertension
Causative organism of prosthetic valve endocarditis in months after surgery
Staph. Epidermidis
Treatment of severe aortic stenosis
TAVI - preferred in high-risk, older patients
Medication for suspected PE whilst waiting for CTPA
Apixaban