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Medicine👩🏼‍⚕️🩺 > Cardiology🫀 > Flashcards

Cardiology🫀 Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of left sided HF? (3)

A

Breathlessness
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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2
Q

Type of murmur is aortic stenosis

A

Ejection systolic

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3
Q

Exam signs for aortic stenosis (3)

A

Ejection systolic murmur
Radiating to carotids
Slow rising pulse

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4
Q

Aortic stenosis can also cause…

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

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5
Q

3 causes of left ventricular hypertrophy

A

Aortic stenosis
Hypertension
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

How long do biprosthetic heart valves last for?

A

10-15 years

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7
Q

What anticoagulation is best for mechanical valves?

A

Warfarin or Heparin

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8
Q

Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)

A

Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge

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9
Q

Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)

A

Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge

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10
Q

Medical treatment of aortic regurgitation with HF

A

Diuretics

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11
Q

Treatment for aortic regurgitation if LV dilated

A

ACEi or ARB

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12
Q

Definitive treatment of aortic regurg

A

Valve replacement - not TAVI

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13
Q

Mitral regurgitation murmur

A

Pansystolic

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14
Q

What can cause mitral regurg after a STEMI?

A

Papillary muscle rupture

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15
Q

Valve problem caused after rheumatic fever

A

Mitral stenosis

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16
Q

Valve disease that may come acutely due to pregnancy

A

Mitral stenosis

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17
Q

Sound of mitral stenosis

A

Low pitched diastolic murmur

18
Q

Medical treatment for mitral stenosis

A

Warfarin - very high risk of VTE

19
Q

Treatment for pericarditis (3)

A

Underlying cause
NSAIDs
Colchicine 50mcg PO BD 3 months
Prednisolone if fails

20
Q

Cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Chronic alcohol use

21
Q

Secondary prevention medications in stable angina (2)

A

Low dose aspirin
Statin

+ ACEi - if diabetes or hypertension

22
Q

Causative organism of prosthetic valve endocarditis in months after surgery

A

Staph. Epidermidis

23
Q

Treatment of severe aortic stenosis

A

TAVI - preferred in high-risk, older patients

24
Q

Medication for suspected PE whilst waiting for CTPA

A

Apixaban

25
Q

Common cause of mitral regurg in younger and middle-aged people

A

Mitral valve prolapse

26
Q

Mitral valve prolapse characteristic sound

A

Mid-systolic click and late systolic murmur

27
Q

Normal ejection fraction

A

~55-70%

28
Q

Drug used in episodes of A Fib

A

Flecainide

Contraindicated in structural heart disease and CAD

29
Q

ECG findings in 2md degree HB Mobitz II

A

Constant normal PR interval
Intermittent non-conducted P waves

30
Q

What organism can reactivate herpes labialis (cold sores)

A

Strep. Pneumonaie

31
Q

Pneumonic for culture negative infective endocarditis

A

HACEK

Haemophilia
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella

32
Q

Visual difference of venous vs arterial ulcer

A

Venous = irregular border, yellow sloughy skin

Arterial = round, smooth, can be black

33
Q

1st line acute rheumatic fever

A

IV Benpen STAT

34
Q

What to do once PEA is detected in cardiac arrest

A

1mg adrenaline IV

35
Q

What CHADS VASC score indicates anticoagulation in men and women?

A

> or = 2 for women
or = 1 for men

36
Q

Treatment malignant hypertension

A

IV labetolol

37
Q

Beck’s triad

A

Distended neck veins
Muffled heart sounds
Hypotension

38
Q

Clinical feature of cardiac tamponade

A

Pulsus paradoxus - swinging of the heart

39
Q

What drugs should be given after MI?

A

Dual antiplatelets
ACEi
Beta blocker
Statin

40
Q

Most common causative organism of viral myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B virus

Medicine👩🏼‍⚕️🩺 (22 decks)

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