Cardiology🫀

Question 1

Symptoms of left sided HF?

Answer 1

Breathlessness
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

Question 2

Type of murmur is aortic stenosis

Answer 2

Ejection systolic

Question 3

Exam signs for aortic stenosis (3)

Answer 3

Ejection systolic murmur
Radiating to carotids
Slow rising pulse

Question 4

Aortic stenosis can also cause…

Answer 4

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 5

3 causes of left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 5

Aortic stenosis
Hypertension
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 6

How long do biprosthetic heart valves last for?

Answer 6

10-15 years

Question 7

What anticoagulation is best for mechanical valves?

Answer 7

Warfarin or Heparin

Question 8

Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)

Answer 8

Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge

Question 9

Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)

Answer 9

Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge

Question 10

Treatment of aortic regurgitation with HF

Answer 10

Diuretics

Question 11

Treatment for aortic regurgitation if LV dilated

Answer 11

ACEi or ARB

Question 12

Definitive treatment of aortic regurg

Answer 12

Valve replacement - not TAVI

Question 13

Mitral regurgitation murmur

Answer 13

Pansystolic

Question 14

What can cause mitral regurg after a STEMI?

Answer 14

Papillary muscle rupture

Question 15

Valve problem caused after rheumatic fever

Answer 15

Mitral stenosis

Question 16

Valve disease that may come acutely due to pregnancy

Answer 16

Mitral stenosis

Question 17

Sound of mitral stenosis

Answer 17

Low pitched diastolic murmur

Question 18

Medical treatment for mitral stenosis

Answer 18

Warfarin - very high risk of VTE

Question 19

Treatment for pericarditis (3)

Answer 19

Underlying cause
NSAIDs
Colchicine 50mcg PO BD 3 months
Prednisolone if fails

Question 20

Cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 20

Chronic alcohol use

Question 21

Secondary prevention medications in stable angina

Answer 21

Low dose aspirin
Statin

+ ACEi - if diabetes or hypertension

Question 22

Causative organism of prosthetic valve endocarditis in months after surgery

Answer 22

Staph. Epidermidis

Question 23

Treatment of severe aortic stenosis

Answer 23

TAVI - preferred in high-risk, older patients

Question 24

Medication for suspected PE whilst waiting for CTPA

Answer 24

Apixaban

Question 25

Common cause of mitral regurg in younger and middle-aged people

Answer 25

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 26

Mitral valve prolapse characteristic sound

Answer 26

Mid-systolic click and late systolic murmur