Cardiology🫀 Flashcards
Symptoms of left sided HF? (3)
Breathlessness
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Type of murmur is aortic stenosis
Ejection systolic
Exam signs for aortic stenosis (3)
Ejection systolic murmur
Radiating to carotids
Slow rising pulse
Aortic stenosis can also cause…
Left ventricular hypertrophy
3 causes of left ventricular hypertrophy
Aortic stenosis
Hypertension
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
How long do biprosthetic heart valves last for?
10-15 years
What anticoagulation is best for mechanical valves?
Warfarin or Heparin
Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)
Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge
Exam signs of aortic regurgitation (2)
Collapsing pulse
Early diastolic blowing murmur —> left lower eternal edge
Medical treatment of aortic regurgitation with HF
Diuretics
Treatment for aortic regurgitation if LV dilated
ACEi or ARB
Definitive treatment of aortic regurg
Valve replacement - not TAVI
Mitral regurgitation murmur
Pansystolic
What can cause mitral regurg after a STEMI?
Papillary muscle rupture
Valve problem caused after rheumatic fever
Mitral stenosis
Valve disease that may come acutely due to pregnancy
Mitral stenosis
Sound of mitral stenosis
Low pitched diastolic murmur
Medical treatment for mitral stenosis
Warfarin - very high risk of VTE
Treatment for pericarditis (3)
Underlying cause
NSAIDs
Colchicine 50mcg PO BD 3 months
Prednisolone if fails
Cause of dilated cardiomyopathy
Chronic alcohol use
Secondary prevention medications in stable angina (2)
Low dose aspirin
Statin
+ ACEi - if diabetes or hypertension
Causative organism of prosthetic valve endocarditis in months after surgery
Staph. Epidermidis
Treatment of severe aortic stenosis
TAVI - preferred in high-risk, older patients
Medication for suspected PE whilst waiting for CTPA
Apixaban
Common cause of mitral regurg in younger and middle-aged people
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse characteristic sound
Mid-systolic click and late systolic murmur
Normal ejection fraction
~55-70%
Drug used in episodes of A Fib
Flecainide
Contraindicated in structural heart disease and CAD
ECG findings in 2md degree HB Mobitz II
Constant normal PR interval
Intermittent non-conducted P waves
What organism can reactivate herpes labialis (cold sores)
Strep. Pneumonaie
Pneumonic for culture negative infective endocarditis
HACEK
Haemophilia
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
Visual difference of venous vs arterial ulcer
Venous = irregular border, yellow sloughy skin
Arterial = round, smooth, can be black
1st line acute rheumatic fever
IV Benpen STAT
What to do once PEA is detected in cardiac arrest
1mg adrenaline IV
What CHADS VASC score indicates anticoagulation in men and women?
> or = 2 for women
or = 1 for men
Treatment malignant hypertension
IV labetolol
Beck’s triad
Distended neck veins
Muffled heart sounds
Hypotension
Clinical feature of cardiac tamponade
Pulsus paradoxus - swinging of the heart
What drugs should be given after MI?
Dual antiplatelets
ACEi
Beta blocker
Statin
Most common causative organism of viral myocarditis
Coxsackie B virus
1st line treatment Dressler’s syndrome
Aspirin
