Opthalmology👁️ Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of Anterior Uveitis

A

Painful
Red eye
Photophobia
Blurred Vision
Irregular Pupil

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2
Q

Anterior Uveitis - Painless or Painful?

A

Painful

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3
Q

Anterior Uveitis Treatment

A

Cyclopentolate (cycloplegic)
Corticosteroids

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4
Q

How does cyclopentolate relieve eye pain?

A

Paralysing ciliary muscle and preventing synechiae

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5
Q

What are synchiae?

A

Adhesions between tissues in the eye e.g. when iris is inflamed

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6
Q

What antibody is specific to primary Sjögren’s syndrome?

A

Anti-Ro / La

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7
Q

What does primary Sjögren’s syndrome do?

A

Inflammation-mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands

Not associated with an underlying disease

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8
Q

Symptoms of primary Sjögren’s syndrome

A

Dry eyes
Dry mouth despite drinking lots

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9
Q

What does Schirmer’s test do?

A

Assesses amount of tears in the eyes, used to diagnose dry eyes

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10
Q

What does Schirmer’s test positive mean?

A

Dry eyes

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11
Q

Symptoms of Dry AMD? (5)

A

Reduced visual acuity - near and central
Variability in disturbance day to day
Poor night vision
Glare
Photopsia - perceived flickering of lights

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12
Q

‘Cherry-red spot’ on fundoscopy indicates what?

A

CRAO

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13
Q

Latanoprost MOA?

A

PGE analogue
Increases uveoscleral outflow by increasing scleras permeability to aqueous humour

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14
Q

Best imaging for optic neuritis?

A

MRI Head

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15
Q

What feature suggests stye as opposed to a chalazion?

A

Lash follicle swelling

It is an abscess in a lash follicle

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16
Q

Scleritis symptoms

A

Red eye
Severe pain
Pain on movement
Blueish tinge to whites (in necrotising)

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17
Q

Urgent eye referral is needed for what condition?

18
Q

Eye condition causing sudden headache

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

19
Q

Symptoms of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

A

Sudden headache
Nausea
Loss of vision
Worse at night
Haloes

20
Q

Initial treatment for AACG?

A

Acetazolamide and timolol

21
Q

TB medication that can cause optic neuritis?

A

Ethambutol

Reduced vision, difficulty distinguishing colours, peri ocular pain

22
Q

Major risk factor for retinal detachment

23
Q

What is primary open angle glaucoma characterised by?

A

Slow, progressive loss of peripheral vision

24
Q

Eye condition associated with SLE?

25
Eye condition associated to ankylosing spondylitis
Anterior uveitis
26
Best treatment for diabetic retinopathy
Pan-retinal photocoagulation
27
Signs of herpes simplex keratitis on fluorescein stain?
Dendritic corneal lesions
28
Initial management in CRAO
Ocular massage
29
Key diagnostic clues of vitreous haemorrhage
Absence of red reflex Obscured view of retina
30
Gold standard investigation for optic neuritis
MRI brain and orbit with contrast
31
Slit lamp findings in cataracts
Lens opacity
32
Management of posterior vitreous detachment?
Reassure and follow up
33
Examination finding of posterior vitreous detachment?
Weiss ring
34
Best imaging for optic neuritis
MRI brain and orbits with contrast
35
Common microorganism causing contact lens-related keratitis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
36
Common complication of panretinal photocoagulation
Decrease night vision
37
Initial management of dry AMD
Lifestyle modifications and nutrition
38
Initial management in wet AMD
anti-VEGF
39
Common complication of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP)
Decreased night vision
40
Painless, firm nodule in the eyelid
Chalazion
41
Describe a hordeolum (3)
Painful, red, swollen
42
First line treatment for mild-moderate scleritis
NSAIDs