Opthalmology👁️ Flashcards
Symptoms of Anterior Uveitis
Painful
Red eye
Photophobia
Blurred Vision
Irregular Pupil
Anterior Uveitis - Painless or Painful?
Painful
Anterior Uveitis Treatment
Cyclopentolate (cycloplegic)
Corticosteroids
How does cyclopentolate relieve eye pain?
Paralysing ciliary muscle and preventing synechiae
What are synchiae?
Adhesions between tissues in the eye e.g. when iris is inflamed
What antibody is specific to primary Sjögren’s syndrome?
Anti-Ro / La
What does primary Sjögren’s syndrome do?
Inflammation-mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands
Not associated with an underlying disease
Symptoms of primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Dry eyes
Dry mouth despite drinking lots
What does Schirmer’s test do?
Assesses amount of tears in the eyes, used to diagnose dry eyes
What does Schirmer’s test positive mean?
Dry eyes
Symptoms of Dry AMD? (5)
Reduced visual acuity - near and central
Variability in disturbance day to day
Poor night vision
Glare
Photopsia - perceived flickering of lights
‘Cherry-red spot’ on fundoscopy indicates what?
CRAO
Latanoprost MOA?
PGE analogue
Increases uveoscleral outflow by increasing scleras permeability to aqueous humour
Best imaging for optic neuritis?
MRI Head
What feature suggests stye as opposed to a chalazion?
Lash follicle swelling
It is an abscess in a lash follicle
Scleritis symptoms
Red eye
Severe pain
Pain on movement
Blueish tinge to whites (in necrotising)
Urgent eye referral is needed for what condition?
Scleritis
Eye condition causing sudden headache
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Symptoms of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
Sudden headache
Nausea
Loss of vision
Worse at night
Haloes
Initial treatment for AACG?
Acetazolamide and timolol
TB medication that can cause optic neuritis?
Ethambutol
Reduced vision, difficulty distinguishing colours, peri ocular pain
Major risk factor for retinal detachment
Myopia
What is primary open angle glaucoma characterised by?
Slow, progressive loss of peripheral vision
Eye condition associated with SLE?
Scleritis
Eye condition associated to ankylosing spondylitis
Anterior uveitis
Best treatment for diabetic retinopathy
Pan-retinal photocoagulation
Signs of herpes simplex keratitis on fluorescein stain?
Dendritic corneal lesions
Initial management in CRAO
Ocular massage
Key diagnostic clues of vitreous haemorrhage
Absence of red reflex
Obscured view of retina
Gold standard investigation for optic neuritis
MRI brain and orbit with contrast
Slit lamp findings in cataracts
Lens opacity
Management of posterior vitreous detachment?
Reassure and follow up
Examination finding of posterior vitreous detachment?
Weiss ring
Best imaging for optic neuritis
MRI brain and orbits with contrast
Common microorganism causing contact lens-related keratitis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Common complication of panretinal photocoagulation
Decrease night vision
Initial management of dry AMD
Lifestyle modifications and nutrition
Initial management in wet AMD
anti-VEGF
Common complication of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP)
Decreased night vision
Painless, firm nodule in the eyelid
Chalazion
Describe a hordeolum (3)
Painful, red, swollen
First line treatment for mild-moderate scleritis
NSAIDs
