Gastroenterology💩 Flashcards
Most common causative organism of travellers diarrhoea
E. Coli
Score used to assess severity of chronic liver disease for liver transplant consideration
MELD score
What is the MELD score used for
To assess severity of chronic liver disease to prioritise for liver transplant
What tests are normal in biliary colic?
Normal LFTs and inflammatory markers
Antibody associated to PBC
AMA
HNPCC increases risk of what other malignancies (3)
Endometrial, ovarian, gastric
1st line treatment for Crohn’s exacerbation
Prednisolone
Class 1 obesity BMI range
30-34.9
Grading tool for cirrhosis severity
Child-Pugh score
What does incarceration of a hernia mean
When it is irreducible without compromising blood supply
Pathogen in acute cholangitis
E. Coli
What does aldosterone do to sodium
Increases sodium reabsorption
Crucial vitamin supplements for alcoholic liver disease
B vitamins
Investigation to do AFTER confirming cortisol levels in Cushing’s
ACTH level
Why do we do ACTH level after a cortisol test for Cushing’s
Differentiate between ACTH-dependant and ACTH-independent
2 signs which point towards B12 deficiency
Glossitis (red swollen tongue)
Subtle neurological signs
Hypocalcaemia causes what ECG change
Long QT
First line management Grave’s disease
Carbimazole
What symptom differentiates external vs internal haemorrhoids
External are painful
Most significant risk factor for oesophageal SCC
Tobacco smoking
Most common cause of B12 deficiency
Pernicious anaemia
Type of anaemia that causes B12 deficiency
Pernicious
Physiology of pernicious anaemia
Autoimmune, destroys gastric parietal cells, leading to lack of intrinsic factor
Cholestatic liver function markers
Elevated bilirubin, ALP and GGT
PSC finding on MRCP
Multiple bile duct strictures with ‘beaded’ appearance
Best management for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroidectomy
First line investigation acute pancreatitis
Serum lipase