Ownership and control- Marxist approach Flashcards
What does Milliband argue about the media?
It has an important role to play in spreading the dominant ideology, the media controls access to information and encourages them to accept the unequal society in which they live. This creates a climate of conformity and leads to a state of false class conciousness. Ideas that challenge or judge the status quo are ignored. The media is a tool of the ruling class to manipulate media content and media audiences in its own interests.
Why do Marxists argue that journalists are biased?
They depend on the media owners to keep their job so they don’t wrote stories which challenge the status quo.
What happened in relation to Murdoch and the Iraq war?
He supported the war in Iraq and so did the papers which made his readers mostly have the same opinion. An example of the cultural effects model.
What did Murdoch admit to the communications comitee?
He was hands on both economically and editorially.
What happened in Italy in 1994?
Berlusconi won the prime minister elections as a result of his control of 3 TV stations which reached 40% of the viewing population.
What does American law say about cross media ownership?
It restricts it unlike UK law where Rupert Murdoch dominates media ownership.
What do Marxists argue about the media?
The media owners are in an ideological conspiracy to brainwash the population.
Who developed the idea of hegemony?
Gramsci. It is a neo Marxist approach.
What does Curran argue about the media?
He examined the British press and found 4 periods where the integrity of journalists has been effected by the owners. He argued that the owners do interfere with the media, however unlike Marxists who believe in dominant ideology, he believes that they are doing it with the soul aim to make profit and obtain a bigger share of the market.
What is the idea of hegemony?
Through the spread of ideology other classes are persuaded their values and see it as common sense. This therefore suggests that journalists and media managers spread the dominant ideology out of choice as they see it as common sense, rather than them just doing what the media owners have told them to do.
What 4 factors come as a result of hegemony?
- Owners rarely have direct control of the media, day to day is left to the journalists and the managers. 2. Media owners and journalist are overcome with the desire to please the media owners to protect their careers and attract audiences as the dominant ideology uses attracts audiences, this can be linked to the uses and gratifications model. 3. Journalists support the ideology as they tend to be white, middle class and males so are socalised into professional values. Any ideas that challenge the status quo aren’t taken seriously as they are seen as unreasonable and extremist. 4. These common sense assumptions shared by journalists mean that the audience are only exposed to a limited range of opinion.
What does the GMG suggest about the media?
A neo Marxist approach that suggests that the media does not support capitalist ideas but this is a by product of the social backgrounds of the journalists. Of the top 100 journalists, 54% were privately educated. They believe that everyone who does not agree with the dominant ideology are extremists. They are motivated by profit not controversy. Philo looked at agenda setting by looking at the media coverage of the 2008 banking crisis. He argues that the media presents views and solutions from the establishment, the very people that caused the crisis and wanted to maintain the status quo.
What is the idea of the hegemonic curtain?
The media uses issues to hide from the real world issues such as capitalism. Such as the focus on the Ukraine war.
What are the differences in belief between a traditional and neo Marxist?
Traditional believes in a manipulative approach. Neo believes in a hegemonic approach.
