Overview of Nutrition

Question 1

What are the 6 essential nutrients?

Answer 1

carbs
proteins
fats
water
vitamins
minerals

Question 2

In regards to dietary intake studies, what would be used with diabetic patients?

Answer 2

24-hour recall

Question 3

In regards to dietary intake studies, what would be used with adults and pediatrics to understand long term diet habits?

Answer 3

usual intake/diet history

Question 4

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 4

weight (kg) / height (m^2)

Question 5

A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered what? Above 30?

Answer 5

overweight; obese

Question 6

A waist circumference greater than ___ cm in men and ___ cm in women is an indication of increased risk for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and CVD

Answer 6

102cm (40 in); 88cm (35 in)

Question 7

For each time frame, give the associated percentage of significant and severe weight loss

Answer 7

1 week: significant = 1-2%, severe = >2%
1 month: significant = 5%, severe = >5%
3 months: significant = 7.5%, severe = > 7.5%
6 months: significant = 10%, severe = >10%
1 year: significant = 20%, severe = >20%

Question 8

In regards to lab data, what would you look at if you were interested in protein status?

Answer 8

albumin, transferrin, prealbumin

Question 9

In regards to lab data, AST, ALT, thiamine, folate, and B12 give you insight into what?

Answer 9

alcoholism

Question 10

In regards to lab data, CBC, MCV, reticulocyte count, folate, serum B12 give you insight into what?

Answer 10

anemia

Question 11

In regards to lab data, glucose, HbA1c, C-reactive protein give you insight into what?

Answer 11

diabetes

Question 12

In regards to lab data, potassium, albumin, serum amylase, thyroid studies, AST, and ALT give you insight into what?

Answer 12

eating disorders

Question 13

In regards to lab data, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, BUN, creatine give you insight into what?

Answer 13

fluid, electrolytes, and renal function

Question 14

In regards to lab data, 25 OH vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and PTH give you insight into what?

Answer 14

musculoskeletal pain/weakness

Question 15

Define energy

Answer 15

kilocalories produced by the oxidation of dietary protein, fat, carbs, and alcohol

note: 1 dietary calorie (c) is equal to 1 kcal

Question 16

1 kcal is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of water ___ degrees

Answer 16

1

Question 17

For each type of nutrient, give the associated kcal (calorie) amount per gram
protein
fat
carb
alcohol

Answer 17

protein: 4
fat: 9
carb: 4
alcohol: 7

Question 18

The energy necessary to maintain basic functions at neutral environmental temperature and fasting is defined as

Answer 18

basal metabolic rate

Question 19

The basal metabolic rate is proportionate to what two things?

Answer 19

lean body mass and surface area

Question 20

The basal metabolic rate is ____ with fever/hyperthyroidism

Answer 20

higher

Question 21

The basal metabolic rate is ____ with starvation/hypothyroidism

Answer 21

lower

Question 22

The thermogenic effect is equivalent to about ___-___ % of total energy expenditure

Answer 22

10-15

Question 23

This is the energy needed to maintain vital organ function in the resting state

Answer 23

Resting Energy expenditure

Question 24

REE accounts for about ____ % of total energy expenditure

Answer 24

65

note: exercise can increase this

Question 25

REE is an estimation for what?

Answer 25

basal metabolic rate

Question 26

How do you estimate total energy expenditure?

Answer 26

multiplying REE by a factor which takes into account physical activity or clinical status

Question 27

What are the useful average values for the Harris-Benedict equation which calculates calories needed for men and women?

Answer 27

men: 1.0 kcal/hr/kg
women: 0.95 kcal/hr/kg

Question 28

This is the amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the nutrient requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a life-style and gender group

Answer 28

Estimated average requirement (EAR)

Question 29

This is two standard deviations about the EAR - assuming that this dietary intake amount is sufficient for nearly all healthy individuals

Answer 29

recommended daily allowance (RDA)

Question 30

In a patient’s chart, use of vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements should be found where?

Answer 30

past medical history

Question 31

BMI may not accurately reflect body fat in which individuals?

Answer 31

underweight patients

Question 32

A medical student eats a lunch consisting of 10g of protein, 100g of carbs, and 5g of fat. How many calories has she ingested?

Answer 32

485

10 x 4) + (100 x 4) + (5 x 9

Question 33

A 65 kg hospitalized burn patient (clinical factor of 2.0) is assessed nutritionally. What is the minimal number of calories she needs per day to avoid catabolism?

Answer 33

2964

0.95 (average for female) x 65 kg x 24 hrs per day x 2 (clinical factor)