Overview of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 essential nutrients?

A
carbs
proteins
fats
water
vitamins
minerals
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2
Q

In regards to dietary intake studies, what would be used with diabetic patients?

A

24-hour recall

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3
Q

In regards to dietary intake studies, what would be used with adults and pediatrics to understand long term diet habits?

A

usual intake/diet history

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4
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

weight (kg) / height (m^2)

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5
Q

A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered what? Above 30?

A

overweight; obese

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6
Q

A waist circumference greater than ___ cm in men and ___ cm in women is an indication of increased risk for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and CVD

A

102cm (40 in); 88cm (35 in)

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7
Q

For each time frame, give the associated percentage of significant and severe weight loss

A

1 week: significant = 1-2%, severe = >2%
1 month: significant = 5%, severe = >5%
3 months: significant = 7.5%, severe = > 7.5%
6 months: significant = 10%, severe = >10%
1 year: significant = 20%, severe = >20%

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8
Q

In regards to lab data, what would you look at if you were interested in protein status?

A

albumin, transferrin, prealbumin

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9
Q

In regards to lab data, AST, ALT, thiamine, folate, and B12 give you insight into what?

A

alcoholism

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10
Q

In regards to lab data, CBC, MCV, reticulocyte count, folate, serum B12 give you insight into what?

A

anemia

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11
Q

In regards to lab data, glucose, HbA1c, C-reactive protein give you insight into what?

A

diabetes

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12
Q

In regards to lab data, potassium, albumin, serum amylase, thyroid studies, AST, and ALT give you insight into what?

A

eating disorders

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13
Q

In regards to lab data, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, BUN, creatine give you insight into what?

A

fluid, electrolytes, and renal function

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14
Q

In regards to lab data, 25 OH vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and PTH give you insight into what?

A

musculoskeletal pain/weakness

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15
Q

Define energy

A

kilocalories produced by the oxidation of dietary protein, fat, carbs, and alcohol

note: 1 dietary calorie (c) is equal to 1 kcal

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16
Q

1 kcal is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of water ___ degrees

17
Q
For each type of nutrient, give the associated kcal (calorie) amount per gram
protein
fat
carb
alcohol
A

protein: 4
fat: 9
carb: 4
alcohol: 7

18
Q

The energy necessary to maintain basic functions at neutral environmental temperature and fasting is defined as

A

basal metabolic rate

19
Q

The basal metabolic rate is proportionate to what two things?

A

lean body mass and surface area

20
Q

The basal metabolic rate is ____ with fever/hyperthyroidism

21
Q

The basal metabolic rate is ____ with starvation/hypothyroidism

22
Q

The thermogenic effect is equivalent to about ___-___ % of total energy expenditure

23
Q

This is the energy needed to maintain vital organ function in the resting state

A

Resting Energy expenditure

24
Q

REE accounts for about ____ % of total energy expenditure

A

65

note: exercise can increase this

25
REE is an estimation for what?
basal metabolic rate
26
How do you estimate total energy expenditure?
multiplying REE by a factor which takes into account physical activity or clinical status
27
What are the useful average values for the Harris-Benedict equation which calculates calories needed for men and women?
men: 1.0 kcal/hr/kg women: 0.95 kcal/hr/kg
28
This is the amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the nutrient requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a life-style and gender group
Estimated average requirement (EAR)
29
This is two standard deviations about the EAR - assuming that this dietary intake amount is sufficient for nearly all healthy individuals
recommended daily allowance (RDA)
30
In a patient's chart, use of vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements should be found where?
past medical history
31
BMI may not accurately reflect body fat in which individuals?
underweight patients
32
A medical student eats a lunch consisting of 10g of protein, 100g of carbs, and 5g of fat. How many calories has she ingested?
485 | 10 x 4) + (100 x 4) + (5 x 9
33
A 65 kg hospitalized burn patient (clinical factor of 2.0) is assessed nutritionally. What is the minimal number of calories she needs per day to avoid catabolism?
2964 0.95 (average for female) x 65 kg x 24 hrs per day x 2 (clinical factor)