Overview of Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 6 essential nutrients?
carbs proteins fats water vitamins minerals
In regards to dietary intake studies, what would be used with diabetic patients?
24-hour recall
In regards to dietary intake studies, what would be used with adults and pediatrics to understand long term diet habits?
usual intake/diet history
How do you calculate BMI?
weight (kg) / height (m^2)
A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered what? Above 30?
overweight; obese
A waist circumference greater than ___ cm in men and ___ cm in women is an indication of increased risk for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and CVD
102cm (40 in); 88cm (35 in)
For each time frame, give the associated percentage of significant and severe weight loss
1 week: significant = 1-2%, severe = >2%
1 month: significant = 5%, severe = >5%
3 months: significant = 7.5%, severe = > 7.5%
6 months: significant = 10%, severe = >10%
1 year: significant = 20%, severe = >20%
In regards to lab data, what would you look at if you were interested in protein status?
albumin, transferrin, prealbumin
In regards to lab data, AST, ALT, thiamine, folate, and B12 give you insight into what?
alcoholism
In regards to lab data, CBC, MCV, reticulocyte count, folate, serum B12 give you insight into what?
anemia
In regards to lab data, glucose, HbA1c, C-reactive protein give you insight into what?
diabetes
In regards to lab data, potassium, albumin, serum amylase, thyroid studies, AST, and ALT give you insight into what?
eating disorders
In regards to lab data, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, BUN, creatine give you insight into what?
fluid, electrolytes, and renal function
In regards to lab data, 25 OH vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and PTH give you insight into what?
musculoskeletal pain/weakness
Define energy
kilocalories produced by the oxidation of dietary protein, fat, carbs, and alcohol
note: 1 dietary calorie (c) is equal to 1 kcal
1 kcal is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of water ___ degrees
1
For each type of nutrient, give the associated kcal (calorie) amount per gram protein fat carb alcohol
protein: 4
fat: 9
carb: 4
alcohol: 7
The energy necessary to maintain basic functions at neutral environmental temperature and fasting is defined as
basal metabolic rate
The basal metabolic rate is proportionate to what two things?
lean body mass and surface area
The basal metabolic rate is ____ with fever/hyperthyroidism
higher
The basal metabolic rate is ____ with starvation/hypothyroidism
lower
The thermogenic effect is equivalent to about ___-___ % of total energy expenditure
10-15
This is the energy needed to maintain vital organ function in the resting state
Resting Energy expenditure
REE accounts for about ____ % of total energy expenditure
65
note: exercise can increase this
REE is an estimation for what?
basal metabolic rate
How do you estimate total energy expenditure?
multiplying REE by a factor which takes into account physical activity or clinical status
What are the useful average values for the Harris-Benedict equation which calculates calories needed for men and women?
men: 1.0 kcal/hr/kg
women: 0.95 kcal/hr/kg
This is the amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the nutrient requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a life-style and gender group
Estimated average requirement (EAR)
This is two standard deviations about the EAR - assuming that this dietary intake amount is sufficient for nearly all healthy individuals
recommended daily allowance (RDA)
In a patient’s chart, use of vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements should be found where?
past medical history
BMI may not accurately reflect body fat in which individuals?
underweight patients
A medical student eats a lunch consisting of 10g of protein, 100g of carbs, and 5g of fat. How many calories has she ingested?
485
10 x 4) + (100 x 4) + (5 x 9
A 65 kg hospitalized burn patient (clinical factor of 2.0) is assessed nutritionally. What is the minimal number of calories she needs per day to avoid catabolism?
2964
0.95 (average for female) x 65 kg x 24 hrs per day x 2 (clinical factor)
