Bioenergetics

Question 1

This pathway is a series of chemical reactions that synthesize biomolecules from smaller units. (consume ATP)

Answer 1

anabolic

Question 2

This pathway is a series of chemical reactions that break down biomolecules into smaller units. (releases ATP)

Answer 2

catabolic

Question 3

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 3

energy can neither be created or destroyed

Question 4

Is the free energy of an endergonic reaction positive or negative? favorable or unfavorable?

Answer 4

postive; unfavorable

Question 5

Is the free energy of an exergonic reaction positive or negative? favorable or unfavorable?

Answer 5

negative; favorable

Question 6

The change in free energy of a chemical reaction is related to ___ ____

Answer 6

equilibrium constant

Question 7

When the equilibrium constant is less than 1, the reaction is ____ and deltaG’ is ____. When the equilibrium constant is greater than 1, the reaction is ____ and deltaG’ is ___.

Answer 7

energonic; postive

exergonic; negative

Question 8

In most cells, the process of oxidation of glucose occurs in aerobic or anaerobic conditions?

Answer 8

aerobic

Question 9

Aerobic glucose oxidation provides how many molecules of ATP?

Answer 9

38

Question 10

Carbohydrates and proteins have a coloric value of __-___ KJ/g, while lipids have __ times higher value

Answer 10

12-16; 3

Question 11

Carbon atoms in carbohydrates are ___ ___ than those in lipids

Answer 11

more oxidized

Question 12

RBCs and the adult brain in fed state use only ___ as a source of energy, whereas the liver of a diabetic or fasted individual metabolizes primarly ___ to meet the energy demand

Answer 12

carbohydrates; lipid

Question 13

The essential link in bioenergetics is ATP between energy ___ and ___ pathways

Answer 13

producing; utilizing

Question 14

What is the result of Mg2+ binding to ATP?

Answer 14

Mg2+ draws electron density from the oxygens and makes the phosphate more electronegative and easier to be attacked by H2O

Question 15

What do Mutations D32V and A63P of mycobacterium do?

Answer 15

ATP synthase c-subunit confer ristance to tuberculosis drugs

Question 16

___ is active against a number of drug-resistant strains of TB. What is its mechanism?

Answer 16

Bedaquiline; blocks ATP synthesis

Question 17

This is a primary microbial agent in the pathogensis of dental cavities through biofilm formation and acid production.

Answer 17

Strep mutans

Question 18

Inhibition of ATP synthase of S. mutans inhibits biofilm formation and acid production. What can be used to accomplish this?

Answer 18

dietary polyphenols

Question 19

The inhibition of non-mitochondrial endothelial cell surface ATP synthase blocks tumor _____

Answer 19

angiogenesis

Question 20

many anti-angiogenisis agents such as resveratrol and piceatannol block tumor growth by binding to the subunit ___ of ATP synthase

Answer 20

F1