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Cam's Cards COPY > Overview of antimicrobial pharm > Flashcards

Overview of antimicrobial pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

A

Penicicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin

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2
Q 
Penicillins: PO, IV, or both?
Penicillin V
Penicillin G
Dicloxacillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
amox/clav
Pip/tazo
A 
Penicillin V - PO
Penicillin G - both
Dicloxacillin - PO
Amoxicillin - PO
Ampicillin - both
amox/clav - PO
Pip/tazo - IV
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3
Q

What are two 1st generation cephalosporins?

PO or IV?

A

Cephalexin - PO

Cefazolin - IV

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4
Q

What is a 2nd generation cephalosporin?

PO or IV?

A

Cefuroxime - IV only

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5
Q

What is a 3rd generation cephalosporin? PO or IV or IM?

A

Ceftriaxone - IV and IM

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6
Q

Is vancomycin PO or IV?

A

IV for systemic infections

PO for local GI infections

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7
Q

What are the macrolides? PO or IV?

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

PO and IV

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8
Q

What are the tetracyclines?

PO or IV?

A

Doxycycline, tetracycline

PO and IV

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9
Q

Is clindamycin PO or IV or both?

A

Both

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10
Q

What are the aminoglycosides? PO or IV?

A

Tobramycin, gentamycin. IV for systemic infections

PO for local GI infections

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for macrolides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides.

A

Protein synthesis inhibition

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12
Q

What are the inhibitors of DNA function?

A

Fluoroquinalones, Nitrofurantoin, Metronidazole

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13
Q

What are the fluoroquinolones? PO or IV or both?

A

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

PO and IV

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14
Q

Nitrofurantoin. PO or IV?

A

PO only

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15
Q

Metronidazole. PO or IV

A

Both

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16
Q

What are the inhibitors of intermediary metabolism?

PO or IV or Both?

A

Sulfonamides
TMP-SMX - both
TMP - PO

17
Q

Do cell wall inhibitors work on atypical bugs? Why?

A

No, atypical bacteria do not have cell walls, so cell wall inhibitors don’t do anything to them

18
Q

What antibiotics are eliminated by non renal mechanisms?

A 
D CRIMES
Doxycycline
Clindamycin
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Erythromycin-like (macrolides)
Sulfonamides (TMP-SMX)
19
Q

Antibiotics eliminated by non-renal mechanisms have what complications?

A

Potential for drug drug interactions
Genetic polymorphisms in metabolizing enzymes
Potential for hepatotoxicity

20
Q

What antibiotic mechanisms are bactericidal?

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Disruption of cell membrane function
Interference with DNA function or sythesis

21
Q

What antibiotic mechanisms are bacteriostatic?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis (except for aminoglycosides, they’re bactericidal)
Inhibition of intermediary metabolic pathways

22
Q

What are the gram + cocci?

A

Streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci

23
Q

What are the gram - cocci?

A

Neisseria (meningitidis, gonorrhoeae) and M. catarrhalis

24
Q

What are the gram - rods?

A

E. coli, pseudomonas, H. influenzae

25
Q

What is a gram + rod?

A

Listeria

26
Q

What anaerobes are of most concern?

A

Gram + rods = C. diff, H. pylori

Gram - rods = Bacteroides fragilis

27
Q

What are the atypical bacteria?

A

Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia

28
Q

What does it mean to be narrow spectrum?

A

Effective against either gram + OR gram -

29
Q

What does it mean to be extended spectrum?

A

Effective against gram + AND gram -

30
Q

What does it mean to be broad spectrum?

A

Effective against gram + AND gram - AND atypical

31
Q 
Some drugs selectively accumulate. Where do the following accumulate and is it good or bad?
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Nitrofurantoin
Aminoglycosides
A

Clindamycin - Bone, good for osteomyelitis
Macrolides - lungs, good for URIs/pneumonia
Tetracyclines- gingiva and sebum (good for periodontitis and acne). Also Ca++ in a bad way that is bad for bone development and teeth in children
Nitrofurantoin - Urine, good for UTIs
Aminoglycosides- Inner ear and renal brush border, bad(causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity)

Cam's Cards COPY (93 decks)

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