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Cam's Cards COPY > Commentary - Anatomy GUT Women and Mens Health > Flashcards

Commentary - Anatomy GUT Women and Mens Health Flashcards

1
Q

The bony pelvis is composed of the ____ and _____. Which are separated by the ______.

A

True and false pelvis

Arcuate line

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2
Q

Describe the positioning of the pelvic inlet.

A

Tilted 50-60 degrees forwards

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3
Q

What are the margins of the pelvic outlet?

A

The pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligaments, and the coccyx

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4
Q

What structures are found above the piriformis muscle?

A

Greater sciatic foramen, superior gluteal vessels and nerve

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5
Q

What structures are found below the piriformis muscle?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve and vessels, internal pudendal nerve, pudendal nerve, and sciatic nerve.

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6
Q

What structure separates the greater sciatic foramen from the lesser?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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7
Q

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Internal pudendal vessels and nerve

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8
Q

Dermatomes of the perineum?

A

Sacral segments S3 to S5

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9
Q

Nerve roots to skeletal muscles of perineum and pelvic floor?

A

S2 to S4

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10
Q

What is the major nerve of the perineum?

A

the pudendal nerve

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11
Q

Site of a pudendal nerve block?

A

Inside of the ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

Is the inferior hypogastric plexus visceral afferent, PSNS, or SNS?

A

All 3

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13
Q

Blood is supplied to the pelvis by?

A

Internal iliac artery, which splits into an anterior and posterior trunk

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14
Q

What perineal structure is not supplied by the internal iliac artery?

A

Penis

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15
Q

The urogenital diaphragm/perineal membrane is composed of?

A

Thick triangular fascia with muscles inside

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16
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is composed of?

A 
Levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis)
Coccygeus muscle
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17
Q

The urogenital hiatus is a space formed between?

A

Muscles of the levator ani

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18
Q

What passes through the urogenital hiatus?

A

Urethra and vagina

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19
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

The junction of the levator ani and perineal membrane

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20
Q

Is the internal anal sphincter smooth or skeletal muscle?

A

Smooth

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21
Q

What controls the internal anal sphincter?

A

PSNS

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22
Q

Is the external anal sphincter smooth or skeletal muscle?

A

Skeletal

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23
Q

What muscles compose the external anal sphincter?

A

Deep, superficial, and subcutaneous external anal sphincter muscles

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24
Q

What is the anal pecten?

A

Transition from rectal mucosa to nonkeratinized squamous epithelium

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25
Q

What is the anocutaneous line?

A

Transition from nonkeratinized squamous epithelium to keratinized squamous epithelium (true skin)

26
Q

The superior rectal veins drain into?

A

The portal system

27
Q

The middle and inferior rectal veins drain into?

A

The caval system

28
Q

What ligaments have a substantial role in supporting the uterus?

A

Cardinal ligament
Uterosacral ligaments
Anterior pubocervical ligament

29
Q

What are the other names of the cardinal ligament of the uterus?

A

Transverse cervical or Mackenrodt ligament

30
Q

What non-ligamentous structures play a significant role in support of the uterus

A

Pelvic diaphragm
Urogenital diaphragm
Perineal body

31
Q

What ligaments of the uterus are not considered to be uterine support structures?

A

Broad ligament of the uterus
Round ligament of the uterus
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Peritoneal folds

32
Q

What artery runs through the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

The ovarian artery

33
Q

Where does the ovarian artery arise from? What is the clinical significance?

A

The aorta

It has very high pressure and if ruptured from an ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhage is of concern.

34
Q

The uterine artery arises from?

A

The internal iliac artery

35
Q

Most dependent portion of the abdomen in a female?

Male?

A

Female - rectouterine pouch (of douglas)

Male - rectovesical pouch

36
Q

What are the “supporting” (but not truly supporting) structures of the ovaries?

A

mesovarium
suspensory ligament of the ovary
ligament of ovary (continuous with round ligament of the uterus)

37
Q

Deep pelvic structures drain into what lymphatic vessles?

A

Internal and external iliac chains

38
Q

Deep perineal structures drain into what lymphatic vessels?

A

internal iliac chain

39
Q

Penis, scrotum, clitoris, and labia drain into what lymphatic vessels?

A

deep inguinal nodes and external iliac chain

40
Q

Glans penis and glans clitoris, labia minora, and the inferior end of the vagina drain into what lymphatic vessels?

A

deep inguinal nodes and external iliac chain

41
Q

The ovaries and testes drain into what lymphatic vessels?

A

lateral and pre-aortic nodes

42
Q

The gluteal nodes drain into what lymphatic vessels?

A

internal iliac chain

43
Q

The lower extremities drain into what lymphatic vessels?

A

superficial and deep inguinal nodes

44
Q

The key to lymphatic drainage of the perineum is that deep parts of the perineum drain into ?

A

Internal pudendal chain > internal iliac nodes > aortic nodes

45
Q

The key to lymphatic drainage of the perineum is that superficial parts of the perineum and external genitalia drain into?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes > deep inguinal nodes > external iliac nodes

46
Q

What is a hysterosalpingogram?

A

Injection of contrast into the cervical os to see the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes

47
Q

What is primary vesicoureteral reflux?

A

Immaturity with a short ureteral tunnel through bladder wall or congenital anomaly with no tunnel at all

48
Q

What is secondary vesicoureteral reflux?

A

Posterior urethral valves or neurogenic dysfunctional bladder

49
Q

What specific type of cancer is indicated by painless hematuria?

A

Urinary tract transitional cell malignancy

50
Q

Dilated urinary collecting systems, calyces, infundibula, renal pelvis, or ureters secondary to obstruction describes what condition?

A

Hydronephrosis

51
Q

Enlarged ovaries with thick sclerotic capsules and abnormally high number of follicles decribes?

A

PCOS = Stein-Leventhal syndrome

52
Q

Doppler ultrasound showing no blood flow to the ovaries describes what condition?

A

Ovarian torsion

53
Q

What mass in the ovary can develop organs, teeth, hair, fat, ect.?

A

Dermoid cyst

54
Q

A palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus, that is not a hernia is known as?
It is a sign of?

A

Sister Mary Joseph sign

It is a sign of malignancy

55
Q

Is a cystadenoma benign or malignant?

How about a carcinoma of the ovary?

A

Cystadenoma - benign

Carcinoma of the ovary - malignant

56
Q

Which of the following is the most likely cause of postmenopausal bleeding?

a) Bladder Cancer
b) Endometrial carcinoma
c) Uterine leiomyoma
d) Foreign body

A

b) endometrial carcinoma

57
Q

Carcinoma of the cervix is concerning because?

A

Direct invasion into paracervical and parametrial areas.

58
Q

A bulge in the anterior vaginal wall is consistent with ______, while a bulge in the posterior vaginal wall is consistent with _______

A

cystocele

rectocele

59
Q

The hollow canal connecting the fetal urinary bladder to the umbilical cord is called the?

A

Urachus

60
Q

The urachus becomes what ligament/fold during development?

A

Median umbilical ligament/fold

61
Q

What is the medial umbilical ligament?

A

The remnant of the umbilical artery

Cam's Cards COPY (93 decks)

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