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Gezondheidspsychologie > Overig > Flashcards

Overig Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

joints degenerate as a result of wear and tear
- fibromyalgia
- gout
- rheumatoid arthritis

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2
Q

Genes of 2 types have been identified in the development of Alzheimer

A

1) risk genes (increase likelihood, not direct cause)
2) deterministic genes (cause the disease, guarantee the development)

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2
Q

Welke factoren beïnvloeden de manier waarop mensen lichamelijke symptomen ervaren

A

1) individuele verschillen
- interne focus: overschatten lichaamsveranderingen en langdurige ervaring van herstel
- tolerantie van symptomen voordat er actie wordt ondernomen

2) concurrerende omgevingsstimuli
3) psychosociale invloeden (placebo)
4) geboortegeslachtsverschillen en socioculturele verschillen

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2
Q

Welke factoren beïnvloeden de manier waarop mensen symptomen interpreteren en erop reageren

A
  • directe ervaring
  • kennis

–> verwachtingen en ideeën

  • hiermee worden cognitieve representaties/ common-sense modellen gevormd die (deels) (on)waar kunnen zijn
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3
Q

Belangrijkste factoren gebruik gezondheidszorg

A
  • demografische + sociaal-culturele factoren (leeftijd/geslacht/inkomen)
  • cognitieve, sociale en emotionele factoren (overtuigingen/emoties/sociale context)
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3
Q

Componenten van cognitieve representaties over ziekte

A
  • ziekte-identiteit
  • oorzaken en onderliggende pathologie
  • tijdlijn v.w.b. prognose
  • consequenties (ernst, effecten + uitkomst)
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4
Q

Theoretisch Gedragsverklaringsmodel

A

Health Belief Model

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5
Q

Perceived threat + perceived benefits = likelihood of performing health behavior

A

perceived threat:
- seriousness
- susceptibility
- cues to action

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6
Q

3 stadia delay

A

1) appraisal (sensorische impact symptoom)
2) illness (gedachten over symptoom)
3) perceptie voor/nadelen belangrijkst

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7
Q

Therapie Ontrouw (40% van patiënten)

A

Belangrijkste factoren bij Therapie Ontrouw (adherence)
1) medische voorschriften + ziekte-gerelateerde kenmerken
- duur/complexiteit, kosten, bijwerkingen
- type voorschrift
- de ernst aandoening/ziekte

2) Demografische + Sociaal-Culturele factoren

3) Psychosociale factoren
- interpretatie + geloof
- niet-intentioneel (vergeten)

4) patiënt-arts interactie

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8
Q

Een belangrijke invalshoek bij het bevorderen van therapie trouw ligt bij de hulpverlener (verbeteren communicatie + informatie)

A

Gedragsveranderingsmethodieken
- motivational interviewing
- sociale steun
- advies/behandeling op maat
- prompts & reminders
- self-monitoring
- gedrgascontract

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9
Q

4 systeemdoelen in zorg driehoek

A

1) toegankelijkheid
2) kwaliteit
3) betaalbaarheid
4) preventie

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10
Q

5 stelselwetten

A

1) zorgverzekeringswet (Zvw)
2) Wet langdurige zorg (Wlz)
3) Wet maatschappelijke ondersteuning (Wmo)
4) Jeugdwet (Jw)
5) Wet publieke gezondheid (Wpg)
al deze gericht op preventie

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11
Q

Wetten die waarborgen dat zorgaanbieders goede zorg bieden

A
  • Wet kwaliteit, klachten en geschillen zorg (Wkkgz)
  • Wet Geneeskundige BehandelingsOvereenkomst (WGBO)
  • Wet op de beroepen in de individuele gezondheidszorg (Wet BIG)
  • bevordert kwaliteit zorg door beroeps beoefenaren
  • titelbescherming + registratie beroepsgroepen
  • gezondheidszorg psychologeen vallen onder deze wet
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12
Q

Copingsstrategieën

A

-Probleemgerichte Coping
-Emotionele gerichte Coping
(Blunting copings stijl = avoidance Coping)

  • een cognitief proces dat een rol kan spelen is het attributieproces (blaming)
  • ander cognitief proces is mate van persoonlijke controle
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13
Q

3 typen controle

A

1) Behavioral Controle (in staat zijn om bepaald gedrag te vertonen)

2) Cognitive Control (weten hoe te focussen op het positieve, leren herkennen van signalen van angst)

3) Informational Control (kennis verkrijgen)

14
Q

Tests Psychisch (on)welbevinden/klachten bij patiënten

A

MMPI (Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory)
- Hypochondrie/depressie en hysterie worden gebruikt om “emotionele aanpassing” in kaart te brengen

15
Q

Medische setting specifieke vragenlijsten

A
  • Type A en Type B (Jenkins Activity Survey)
  • Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (Coping Style)
  • Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) 7 psychosociale karakteristieken
16
Q

Mortality Issues

A

people tend to switch from avoidance-coping to active-problem-focused approaches

17
Q

Re-appraisal of life

A

1) finding meaning in illness (purpose of illness and rethinking attitudes and priorities)
2) sense of control
3) restore self-esteem

  • these cognitive adjustments seem to promote adaptation
18
Q

CHD Coronary Heart Disease

A

refers to illnesses that result from the narrowing and blocking of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood

  • atherosclerosis: plaque build-up
  • angina pectoris: brief reductions of oxygenated blood to the heart produces pain - results from ischemia (lack of oxygen to heart muscle)
  • myocardial infarction: reduced blood supply prolonged/severe, part of the muscle tissue of the heart may be destroyed
19
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

a condition in which the heart’s capacity to pump can no longer meet the body’s needs (heart enlarged, overworked. lungs become congested with fluid)

20
Q

Hypertentsion (high blood pressure over a longer time)

A

is a major risk factor for heart disease (heart is working harder than normal)
* high LDL, low LDL strongest risk factor, smoking 2nd

21
Q

Balloon angioplasty (+ metal mesh stent)

A

bypass surgery

22
Q

Heart Attack

A

limit damage to myocardium
- clot-dissolving thrombolytic drugs (prevents myocardial damage if administered within 3 hours)
- most people cope after attack through denial

23
Q

Cardiac Invalidism

A

people with heart disease become increasingly dependent and helpless

24
Q

Stroke

A

a condition in which damage occurs in an area of the brain when the blood supply to that area is disrupted, depriving it from oxygen

1) Ischemic Stroke: damage results when the blood supply in a crebral artery is sharply reduced or cutoff
(similar to atherosclerosis/myocardial infarction)

2) Hemorrhagic Stroke: blood vessel ruptures and bleed into the brain
(people who survive moderate or severe strokes generally suffer some degree of motor/sensory/cognitive or speech impairment as a result of the brain damage

25
Q

A common language disorder in stroke patients is aphasia

A

1) receptive aphasia - difficulty in understanding verbal information
2) expressive aphasia - problem in producing language

26
Q

Visual Neglect

A

patients fail to process information on the left side of the normal visual field

27
Q

Cancer

A

unrestricted cell growth, usually forming a tumor = “Neoplasm”
* “Oncogenes” regulate cell division, but genetic processes and carcinogens can damage them, causing unrestricted growth

Cancer = the diseas of the cells characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation that usually forms a malignant neoplasm:

1) carcinomas - malignant neoplasms in skin or lining of body organs

2) melanomas - neoplasms on skincell (pigment)

3) Lymphoma - lymphatic system

4) Sarcoma - muscle/bone/connective tissue

5) Leukemia - blood-forming organs/bone marrow (proliferation white blood cells)

  • migration of cancer cells = metastasis
    *Angiogenesis = neoplasm recruits its own blood supply for nutrients
28
Q

Cancer is caused

A

by the interplay of genetic, environmental, behaviroal and psychosocial factors

29
Q

Anticipatory Nausea

A

classical conditioning (drug unconditioned stimulus)

30
Q

Mindfulness-based stress reduction methods

A

reduce depressive symptoms and other indications of emotional distress in cancer patients

31
Q

Leukemia

A

1) induction phase for remission
2) maintenance (chemo)
3) Bone marrow transplant (aspiration = naald in heup voor biopt)

32
Q

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS

A
  • diagnosis made once the victim’s condition has reached a certain criterion
  • low level of Helper T-cells (CD4 cells)
  • Infected with HIV
  • Symptoms of faltering immune system (spiking fever/night sweats diarrhea/fatigue/ swollen lymph glands)
33
Q

Encephalopathy

A

losing cognitive functions and laps into coma

34
Q

Main Treatment:

A

anti retroviral therapy ART

35
Q

Crisis Theorie

A

patiënten beginnen hun copingsproces met een cognitieve waardering van de betekenis of het belang van het gezondsheidsprobleem voor hun leven.

Deze waardering leidt tot het formuleren van aanpassingstaken, zoals aanpassing aan symptomen/onderhouden positieve relaties/toepassen verschillende copingsstrategieën om met veranderingen om te leren gaan

Gezondheidspsychologie (16 decks)

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