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PHYSIOLOGY > OVERALL FINALS A > Flashcards

OVERALL FINALS A Flashcards

1
Q

when a stimulated cell undergoes repolarization, this event is associated with

A

opening of K+ channels

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2
Q

When activity of Na+ channels is affected by a certain chemical agent, what are the channels?

A

Ligand gated channels

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3
Q

Transport activity which is carrier mediated but independent of mitochondrial activity DURING transport:

A

facilitated diffusion

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4
Q

The release of NTA from the pre-synaptic cell is highly dependent on:

A

Ca++ influx

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5
Q

The major receptor present in all automatic ganglia:

A

Nicotinic

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6
Q

The “rest or digest” activity associated with activity of:

A

parasympathetic

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7
Q

Activity of the ff. effectors is regulated by sympathetic cholinergic neurons

A

⮞ blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles

⮞ sweat glands

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8
Q

An individual with a blood type AB contains what agglutinins in the plasma?

A

none.

antigen/ agglutinogen meron siya parehas AB.

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9
Q

The initial event in hemostasis ff. vascular injuries is:

A

vascular spasm

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10
Q

Citrate is useful in vitro anti-coagulant because of:

A

ability to chelate Ca++

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11
Q

The automaticity of pacemaker cells lies on its:

A

slow diastolic depolarization (PHASE 4)

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12
Q

The frank-starling’s law is about the relationship between:

A

myocardial stretch and force of contraction

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13
Q

if the Na-K ATPase pump in the cardiac cell is INHIBITED, the intracellular concentration of this ion increases:

A

Ca++

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14
Q

The relationship bet. tension, pressure and radius of a vessel is represented by:

A

Laplace Law

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15
Q

Which parameter is normally greater in the pulmonary circulation in comparison to systemic circulation?

A

compliance

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16
Q

pulmonary vascular resistance increases = pressure overload is where?

A

Right ventricle

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17
Q

HCl- acid is secreted in the stomach for:

A

activation of pepsinogen to pepsin

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18
Q

These are excitatory to gastric secretory activity:

A

⮞ Acetylcholine
⮞ Epinephrine
⮞ Gastrin

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19
Q

TRUE about the Aurbach’s plexus

A

found in bet. the longitudinal and circular muscles of the intestines

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20
Q

Congenital megacolon is a problem mostly attributed to absence or decrease activity of the:

A

Myenteric neurons

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21
Q

The neural centers involved in the control of food intake are located in:

A

hypothalamus

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22
Q

If the vascular resistance of the renal afferent arteriole decreases more than the resistance in the efferent arterioles which results in:

A

INCREASED glomerular filtration

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23
Q

An osmotic diuretic agent is expected to:

A

Increases urine flow

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24
Q

CORRECT regarding secretion of Renin:

A

Increased with a fall in arterial blood pressure

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25
Renal perfusion in ___ of the cardiac output
20%
26
In total renal shutdown, this/these is/are expected to develop:
⮞ Uremia ⮞ Metabolic Acidosis ⮞ Edema ⮞ hypertension
27
HYPERthyroidism will bring about the ff. signs and symptoms:
⮞ Tachycardia ⮞ Muscle wasting ⮞ Heat intolerance
28
This hormone affects all the steps in thyroid hormone synthesis:
Thyrotropin
29
Peroxidases catalyzes the ff. steps in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones
⮞ Oxidation ⮞ Coupling ⮞ Organification
30
Excess thyroid hormones will increase the
⮞ cardiac activity
31
In primary HYPOthyroidism
⮞ decreased T4 | ⮞ Increased TSH
32
a HYPOthyroid patient with high radioactive iodine uptake result is the most likely suffering from:
Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism
33
Thyroid hormones are necessary for the growth of:
⮞ CNS ⮞ Bones ⮞ Soft tissues
34
Thyrotropin is produced and secreted by the:
Adenohypophysis
35
Cortisol is administered to patients who undergo organ transplant mainly because of its ability to:
decrease the output of sensitized lymphocytes and anti-bodies
36
CORRECT regarding the adrenal medulla
⮞ secretions are needed for "fight or flight" response ⮞ considered a sympathetic ganglion ⮞ secretes dopamine
37
Physiological affects of glucoccorticoids:
⮞ enhances body resistance to stress ⮞ effects of epinephrine ⮞ can affect certain types of leukocytes
38
Aldosterone is:
capable of enhancing facultative Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules
39
these are secretory products of the adrenocortical cells"
⮞ glucocorticoids | ⮞ androgens
40
The precursor substance of of the steroid hormone is:
Cholesterol
41
concerned with regulation of calcium metabolism
⮞ 1,25 dihydroxycalciferol ⮞ PTH ⮞ Calcitonin
42
Tetany is
⮞ may low plasma calcium level ⮞ muscular spasm ⮞ low plasma level of PTH
43
Calcitonin is a hormone produced and secreted by endocrine cells present in
⮞ Thyroid gland
44
Glucagon is capable of promoting:
⮞ glycogenolysis ⮞ gluconeogenesis ⮞ lipolysis
45
These hormones can alleviate arterial blood pressure
⮞ Insulin
46
Insulin increases glucose uptake by the following cells
RBC
47
Which is a characteristic of TYPE 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
➮ usually develops before 40 yrs old ➮ more prone to develop ketosis ➮ destruction of beta cells (islets of langerhans)
48
The main target tissue/organ of glucagon is the:
LIVER
49
Insulin increases the transport of the ff. substances across the cell membrane of its target cells:
🡢 Glucose 🡢 Potassium 🡢 Amino Acid
50
Correct regarding testosterone
🡢 secretion is almost not observed during the pre-puberal age 🡢 produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of leydig 🡢 secretion regulated by LH
51
Hormonal support for the endometrium of pregnancy is provided by
PROGESTERONE
52
Pre-ovulatory: follicular post ovulatory: _______ post ovulatory: luteal
secretory
53
During the LAST trimester of pregnancy, secretion of the ff. hormones is INCREASED
🡢 Estrogen 🡢 Progesterone 🡢 Oxytocin
54
It supports the corpus luteum BEFORE pregnancy
LH
55
In oogenis, the products of the first meiotic division are
400,000 secondary oocytes
56
genetic sex is established at
fertilization
57
The structure has the inherent tendency to feminize:
????
58
If the fetal testes is re-functioning
The labia scrotal swelling will fuse completely
59
The specific segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization takes place is the
ampulla
60
Correct regarding the lemniscal pathway,
🡢 capable of transmitting vibratory and proprioception impulses
61
The P factors are:
released when there is tissue injury of inflammation
62
Ability to determine the direction of movement of a certain body due to effective stimulation of proprioceptors is called
dynamic position sense
63
Tonic receptors are:
Made up of Brodmann's 1,2,3
64
The primary somatic sensory area of the cerebral cortex is:
🡢 located at the post central gyrus 🡢 capable of transmitting impulses into the primary motor cortex 🡢 brodmann areas 1,2,3
65
If images of objects are focused exactly at the fovea without accommodation of the eye is said to be:
emmetropic
66
Miosis occurs when the human eye is
exposed to light
67
Regarding color perception, which is correct
trichromatic
68
Lesion to the left optic nerve will lead to:
left eye blindness
69
Correct about the lens system:
could be aided by adaptation
70
pupillary light reflexes involve this CN as an afferent nerve
Occulomotor nerve (CN III)
71
CORRECT regarding the physiologic blindspot
🡢 at the temporal region of visual field 🡢 nasal region of visual field 🡢 optic disc
72
Problems of the PRESBYOPIC persons are corrected by utilizing
BIFOCAL lens
73
The sensory receptors of the semicircular canal are located in the
ampulla
74
Essential for the maintenance of equilibrium
🡢 vesibular apparatus 🡢 proprioceptors 🡢 cerebellar and brainstem function
75
Angular acceleration is mostly appreciated by the
semicircular canal
76
This test is utilized to detect integrity of the semicircular canals:
caloric test
77
ENDOlymphatic hydrops is
🡢 associated w/ hearing problems | 🡢 assoc. w/ malequilibrium
78
the gravity receptors are located in
macula
79
the muscle afferent fibers originate from the
🡢 muscle spindles | 🡢 GTO
80
The bel-magende law describes the function of neurons in the
spinal cord
81
The myotatic reflex involves the activity of the
🡢 intrafusal muscle fibers 🡢 extrafusal fibers 🡢 spinal cord
82
The abnormal movement seen in the paralysis agitans is attributed to deficiency of
Dopamine
83
This condition is not a manifestation of cerebellar injury
resting tremors 🡢 ataxia 🡢 past pointing 🡢 malequilibrium
84
The corticospinal tract
🡢 important output pathway from the primary motor cortex 🡢 pyramidal tract 🡢 controls activity of the muscles capable of accurate movements
85
Huntington's chorea is
a hyperkinetic abnormality of the basal ganglia
86
The GTO is sensory receptor which helps in controlling muscle tension and uses _______ as its sensory neuron
GROUP 1B
87
Exposure to extreme cold for several weeks can cause an increase activity of the
thyroid
88
when the temperature of the environment is greater than the body, the only way in which the body can get rid of excess body heat is
EVAPORATION
89
These are concerned with body heat conservation
🡢 increased activity of sympathetic adrenergic neurons 🡢 horripilation 🡢 peripheral vasoconstriction
90
The most important hypothalamic function:
🡢 regulation of body-water balance 🡢 regulation of body temp 🡢 control of endocrine gland activity
91
Hypoxia in a person not used to high altitude is
hypoxic hypoxia
92
The common complaint of a person suffering from decompression sickness is
joint pain
93
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere
nitrogen
94
Growth hormone release is induced by
🡢 sleep 🡢 stress 🡢 exercise
95
TRUE regarding dibetes insipidus
🡢 urine has specific gravity of 1.001 🡢 hypothalamic lesion 🡢 poluria, polydipsia
96
dopamine inhibits _____ release
prolactin
97
somatomedins increase ____ synthesis, lean body mass and linear growth
CHON (protein)
98
Increase in bronchial destruction means
decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio
99
Increase in diaphragmatic paralysis
decrease in minute respiratory volume
100
Diabetic ketoacidosis
not affect stimulation of central chemoreceptors
101
Increase in elasticity of lung tissue
decrease pulmonary compliance
102
Increase in intrathoracic pressure
decrease in airway diameter
103
Centrifugal control of the sense of smell involves _______ of mitral and tufted cells by granule cells
Inhibition
104
The tongue is most sensitive in which taste?
bitter
105
Due to the relative long wave length of sound, this occurs and enables sounds around the corners
reflection
106
high intensity, high frequency sound is hear, which is stimulated?
contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscle occur

PHYSIOLOGY (26 decks)

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