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PHYSIOLOGY > OVERALL FINALS A > Flashcards

OVERALL FINALS A Flashcards

1
Q

when a stimulated cell undergoes repolarization, this event is associated with

A

opening of K+ channels

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2
Q

When activity of Na+ channels is affected by a certain chemical agent, what are the channels?

A

Ligand gated channels

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3
Q

Transport activity which is carrier mediated but independent of mitochondrial activity DURING transport:

A

facilitated diffusion

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4
Q

The release of NTA from the pre-synaptic cell is highly dependent on:

A

Ca++ influx

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5
Q

The major receptor present in all automatic ganglia:

A

Nicotinic

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6
Q

The “rest or digest” activity associated with activity of:

A

parasympathetic

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7
Q

Activity of the ff. effectors is regulated by sympathetic cholinergic neurons

A

⮞ blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles

⮞ sweat glands

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8
Q

An individual with a blood type AB contains what agglutinins in the plasma?

A

none.

antigen/ agglutinogen meron siya parehas AB.

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9
Q

The initial event in hemostasis ff. vascular injuries is:

A

vascular spasm

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10
Q

Citrate is useful in vitro anti-coagulant because of:

A

ability to chelate Ca++

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11
Q

The automaticity of pacemaker cells lies on its:

A

slow diastolic depolarization (PHASE 4)

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12
Q

The frank-starling’s law is about the relationship between:

A

myocardial stretch and force of contraction

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13
Q

if the Na-K ATPase pump in the cardiac cell is INHIBITED, the intracellular concentration of this ion increases:

A

Ca++

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14
Q

The relationship bet. tension, pressure and radius of a vessel is represented by:

A

Laplace Law

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15
Q

Which parameter is normally greater in the pulmonary circulation in comparison to systemic circulation?

A

compliance

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16
Q

pulmonary vascular resistance increases = pressure overload is where?

A

Right ventricle

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17
Q

HCl- acid is secreted in the stomach for:

A

activation of pepsinogen to pepsin

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18
Q

These are excitatory to gastric secretory activity:

A

⮞ Acetylcholine
⮞ Epinephrine
⮞ Gastrin

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19
Q

TRUE about the Aurbach’s plexus

A

found in bet. the longitudinal and circular muscles of the intestines

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20
Q

Congenital megacolon is a problem mostly attributed to absence or decrease activity of the:

A

Myenteric neurons

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21
Q

The neural centers involved in the control of food intake are located in:

A

hypothalamus

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22
Q

If the vascular resistance of the renal afferent arteriole decreases more than the resistance in the efferent arterioles which results in:

A

INCREASED glomerular filtration

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23
Q

An osmotic diuretic agent is expected to:

A

Increases urine flow

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24
Q

CORRECT regarding secretion of Renin:

A

Increased with a fall in arterial blood pressure

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25
Q

Renal perfusion in ___ of the cardiac output

A

20%

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26
Q

In total renal shutdown, this/these is/are expected to develop:

A

⮞ Uremia
⮞ Metabolic Acidosis
⮞ Edema
⮞ hypertension

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27
Q

HYPERthyroidism will bring about the ff. signs and symptoms:

A

⮞ Tachycardia
⮞ Muscle wasting
⮞ Heat intolerance

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28
Q

This hormone affects all the steps in thyroid hormone synthesis:

A

Thyrotropin

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29
Q

Peroxidases catalyzes the ff. steps in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones

A

⮞ Oxidation
⮞ Coupling
⮞ Organification

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30
Q

Excess thyroid hormones will increase the

A

⮞ cardiac activity

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31
Q

In primary HYPOthyroidism

A

⮞ decreased T4

⮞ Increased TSH

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32
Q

a HYPOthyroid patient with high radioactive iodine uptake result is the most likely suffering from:

A

Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism

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33
Q

Thyroid hormones are necessary for the growth of:

A

⮞ CNS
⮞ Bones
⮞ Soft tissues

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34
Q

Thyrotropin is produced and secreted by the:

A

Adenohypophysis

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35
Q

Cortisol is administered to patients who undergo organ transplant mainly because of its ability to:

A

decrease the output of sensitized lymphocytes and anti-bodies

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36
Q

CORRECT regarding the adrenal medulla

A

⮞ secretions are needed for “fight or flight” response
⮞ considered a sympathetic ganglion
⮞ secretes dopamine

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37
Q

Physiological affects of glucoccorticoids:

A

⮞ enhances body resistance to stress
⮞ effects of epinephrine
⮞ can affect certain types of leukocytes

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38
Q

Aldosterone is:

A

capable of enhancing facultative Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules

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39
Q

these are secretory products of the adrenocortical cells”

A

⮞ glucocorticoids

⮞ androgens

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40
Q

The precursor substance of of the steroid hormone is:

A

Cholesterol

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41
Q

concerned with regulation of calcium metabolism

A

⮞ 1,25 dihydroxycalciferol
⮞ PTH
⮞ Calcitonin

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42
Q

Tetany is

A

⮞ may low plasma calcium level
⮞ muscular spasm
⮞ low plasma level of PTH

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43
Q

Calcitonin is a hormone produced and secreted by endocrine cells present in

A

⮞ Thyroid gland

44
Q

Glucagon is capable of promoting:

A

⮞ glycogenolysis
⮞ gluconeogenesis
⮞ lipolysis

45
Q

These hormones can alleviate arterial blood pressure

A

⮞ Insulin

46
Q

Insulin increases glucose uptake by the following cells

A

RBC

47
Q

Which is a characteristic of TYPE 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

A

➮ usually develops before 40 yrs old
➮ more prone to develop ketosis
➮ destruction of beta cells (islets of langerhans)

48
Q

The main target tissue/organ of glucagon is the:

A

LIVER

49
Q

Insulin increases the transport of the ff. substances across the cell membrane of its target cells:

A

🡢 Glucose
🡢 Potassium
🡢 Amino Acid

50
Q

Correct regarding testosterone

A

🡢 secretion is almost not observed during the pre-puberal age
🡢 produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of leydig
🡢 secretion regulated by LH

51
Q

Hormonal support for the endometrium of pregnancy is provided by

A

PROGESTERONE

52
Q

Pre-ovulatory: follicular
post ovulatory: _______
post ovulatory: luteal

A

secretory

53
Q

During the LAST trimester of pregnancy, secretion of the ff. hormones is INCREASED

A

🡢 Estrogen
🡢 Progesterone
🡢 Oxytocin

54
Q

It supports the corpus luteum BEFORE pregnancy

A

LH

55
Q

In oogenis, the products of the first meiotic division are

A

400,000 secondary oocytes

56
Q

genetic sex is established at

A

fertilization

57
Q

The structure has the inherent tendency to feminize:

A

????

58
Q

If the fetal testes is re-functioning

A

The labia scrotal swelling will fuse completely

59
Q

The specific segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization takes place is the

A

ampulla

60
Q

Correct regarding the lemniscal pathway,

A

🡢 capable of transmitting vibratory and proprioception impulses

61
Q

The P factors are:

A

released when there is tissue injury of inflammation

62
Q

Ability to determine the direction of movement of a certain body due to effective stimulation of proprioceptors is called

A

dynamic position sense

63
Q

Tonic receptors are:

A

Made up of Brodmann’s 1,2,3

64
Q

The primary somatic sensory area of the cerebral cortex is:

A

🡢 located at the post central gyrus
🡢 capable of transmitting impulses into the primary motor cortex
🡢 brodmann areas 1,2,3

65
Q

If images of objects are focused exactly at the fovea without accommodation of the eye is said to be:

A

emmetropic

66
Q

Miosis occurs when the human eye is

A

exposed to light

67
Q

Regarding color perception, which is correct

A

trichromatic

68
Q

Lesion to the left optic nerve will lead to:

A

left eye blindness

69
Q

Correct about the lens system:

A

could be aided by adaptation

70
Q

pupillary light reflexes involve this CN as an afferent nerve

A

Occulomotor nerve (CN III)

71
Q

CORRECT regarding the physiologic blindspot

A

🡢 at the temporal region of visual field
🡢 nasal region of visual field
🡢 optic disc

72
Q

Problems of the PRESBYOPIC persons are corrected by utilizing

A

BIFOCAL lens

73
Q

The sensory receptors of the semicircular canal are located in the

A

ampulla

74
Q

Essential for the maintenance of equilibrium

A

🡢 vesibular apparatus
🡢 proprioceptors
🡢 cerebellar and brainstem function

75
Q

Angular acceleration is mostly appreciated by the

A

semicircular canal

76
Q

This test is utilized to detect integrity of the semicircular canals:

A

caloric test

77
Q

ENDOlymphatic hydrops is

A

🡢 associated w/ hearing problems

🡢 assoc. w/ malequilibrium

78
Q

the gravity receptors are located in

A

macula

79
Q

the muscle afferent fibers originate from the

A

🡢 muscle spindles

🡢 GTO

80
Q

The bel-magende law describes the function of neurons in the

A

spinal cord

81
Q

The myotatic reflex involves the activity of the

A

🡢 intrafusal muscle fibers
🡢 extrafusal fibers
🡢 spinal cord

82
Q

The abnormal movement seen in the paralysis agitans is attributed to deficiency of

A

Dopamine

83
Q

This condition is not a manifestation of cerebellar injury

A

resting tremors

🡢 ataxia
🡢 past pointing
🡢 malequilibrium

84
Q

The corticospinal tract

A

🡢 important output pathway from the primary motor cortex
🡢 pyramidal tract
🡢 controls activity of the muscles capable of accurate movements

85
Q

Huntington’s chorea is

A

a hyperkinetic abnormality of the basal ganglia

86
Q

The GTO is sensory receptor which helps in controlling muscle tension and uses _______ as its sensory neuron

A

GROUP 1B

87
Q

Exposure to extreme cold for several weeks can cause an increase activity of the

A

thyroid

88
Q

when the temperature of the environment is greater than the body, the only way in which the body can get rid of excess body heat is

A

EVAPORATION

89
Q

These are concerned with body heat conservation

A

🡢 increased activity of sympathetic adrenergic neurons
🡢 horripilation
🡢 peripheral vasoconstriction

90
Q

The most important hypothalamic function:

A

🡢 regulation of body-water balance
🡢 regulation of body temp
🡢 control of endocrine gland activity

91
Q

Hypoxia in a person not used to high altitude is

A

hypoxic hypoxia

92
Q

The common complaint of a person suffering from decompression sickness is

A

joint pain

93
Q

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere

A

nitrogen

94
Q

Growth hormone release is induced by

A

🡢 sleep
🡢 stress
🡢 exercise

95
Q

TRUE regarding dibetes insipidus

A

🡢 urine has specific gravity of 1.001
🡢 hypothalamic lesion
🡢 poluria, polydipsia

96
Q

dopamine inhibits _____ release

A

prolactin

97
Q

somatomedins increase ____ synthesis, lean body mass and linear growth

A

CHON (protein)

98
Q

Increase in bronchial destruction means

A

decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio

99
Q

Increase in diaphragmatic paralysis

A

decrease in minute respiratory volume

100
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

not affect stimulation of central chemoreceptors

101
Q

Increase in elasticity of lung tissue

A

decrease pulmonary compliance

102
Q

Increase in intrathoracic pressure

A

decrease in airway diameter

103
Q

Centrifugal control of the sense of smell involves _______ of mitral and tufted cells by granule cells

A

Inhibition

104
Q

The tongue is most sensitive in which taste?

A

bitter

105
Q

Due to the relative long wave length of sound, this occurs and enables sounds around the corners

A

reflection

106
Q

high intensity, high frequency sound is hear, which is stimulated?

A

contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscle occur

PHYSIOLOGY (27 decks)

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