2nd semester: Renal 5

Question 1

In response to acid load, this important defense mechanism takes several days to occur:

Answer 1

Adjustment in the level of HC03 (bicarbonate)

Question 2

The most important stimulus for hydrogen secretion by the tubules is

Answer 2

Increased hydrogen concentration in the ECF

Question 3

Anemia in chronic kidney disease primarily results from:

Answer 3

Inadequate erythropoietin

Question 4

This factor stimulates renin secretion

Answer 4

decreased ECF volume

Question 5

Renin is produced and secreted from granules located in the

Answer 5

afferent arteriole by the juxtaglomerular cells

Question 6

In hemorrhage, low tissue oxygenation will stimulate the production of erythropoietin from

Answer 6

Interstitial cells of the renal cortex

Question 7

Renal handling of amino acid

Answer 7

passively reabsorbed in proximal tubule with Na+

Question 8

In patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, abnormalities in bone formation result from

Answer 8

decreased formation of 1,25 (OH) 2D3

Question 9

Calcitrol acts primarily to increase plasma calcium and phosphate by

Answer 9

stimulating calcium and phosphate reabsorption by the GIT

Question 10

Major disturbance: CO2 excess

Answer 10

Respiratory acidosis

Question 11

The major site in the nephron when hydrogen is secreted via a primary active transport:

Answer 11

Collecting duct

Question 12

hydogen secretion in the proximal tubule is mediated by this transport protein:

Answer 12

Na-H antiporter

Question 13

Small amount of peptides filtered in the glomerulus are normally reabsorbed in the apical membrane of renal tubule

Answer 13

endocytosis

Question 14

T or F: A primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate acid-base balance is reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

If ADH is high, _____ is high

Answer 15

urine osmolality

Question 16

This acid-base disorder can be seen in drug-induced respiratory depression

Answer 16

respiratory acidosis

Question 17

In the proximal tubule, ammonium is produced mainly from metabolism of _____

Answer 17

glutamine

Question 18

It is the dominant mechanism by which ACIDS are eliminated during chronic acidosis

Answer 18

Excretion of NH4

Question 19

This type of acid-base disorder can be seen during ascent to high altitude

Answer 19

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 20

non-volatile acids are produced mainly from complete oxidation of

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

Hydrogen secretion and indirect bicarbonate reabsorption DOES NOT OCCUR in

Answer 21

thin descending and ascending limb of loop of Henle

Question 22

It is compensated by hypoventilation:

Answer 22

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 23

Due to excessive vomiting:

Answer 23

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 24

Results to an increase in net acid excretion and hyperventilation:

Answer 24

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 25

It inhibits the co-transport of Na, K+, Cl-

Answer 25

loop diuretics

Question 26

Mainly affects the epithelial sodium chennel:

Answer 26

potassium sparing

Question 27

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium bicarbonate:

Answer 27

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 28

The main site of action: distal tubule

Answer 28

Thiazide

Question 29

Increases or decreases: Increase in plasma osmolarity __ ADH secretion

Answer 29

Increases

Question 30

Increases or decreases: Increase in urine flow rate __ potassium reabsorption

Answer 30

decreases