2nd semester: Higher center I & II

Question 1

The medulla oblongata exits the foramen magnum and becomes the

Answer 1

Spinal Cord

Question 2

The termination of the spinal cord is at the

Answer 2

CONUS MEDULLARIS

Question 3

What nerves under the parasympathetic NS relay comms to the Autonomic NS?

Answer 3

Thoraco-lumbar nerves

Question 4

What nerves under the sympathetic NS relay comms to the Autonomic NS?

Answer 4

Cranio-sacral nerves

Question 5

What are the divisions of the posterior column via the posterior intermediate sulcus?

Answer 5

Fasicula Gracillis and Fasicula Cuneatus

Question 6

The fasiculus gracillis relays info from what area in the spinal cord?

Answer 6

coccygeal - T7

Question 7

The fasiculus cuneatus relays info from what area in the spinal cord?

Answer 7

T6 - C1

Question 8

The “Bell Magendle Law” states that the

Answer 8

Posterior horn of SC = sensory function

Anterior horn of SC = motor function

Question 9

If you have a lesion on the posterior horn, manifestation would be?

Answer 9

sensory loss

Question 10

If you have a lesion on the anterior horn,

manifestation would be?

Answer 10

paralysis/muscle weakness

Question 11

What do you call the neuron in between the sensory neuron and motor neuron?

Answer 11

Interneuron/Association neuron

Question 12

If there is a tumor on the LEFT side of the VENTRAL medulla oblongata, what CN is affected?

Answer 12

CN12 - hypoglossal which controls the motor activity of the tongue

Question 13

What is the distinct difference between the superior colliculi and inferior colliculi?

Answer 13

Superior Colliculi, 2 red nuclei

Inferior Colliculi, 1 red nuclei

Question 14

If the TROCHLEAR NERVE on the LEFT is destroyed, where is the manifestation?

Answer 14

LEFT

Question 15

If the trochlear NERVE is destroyed, manifestation is

Answer 15

IPSILATERAL

Question 16

If the trochlear NUCLEUS is destroyed, manifestation is

Answer 16

CONTRALATERAL

Question 17

The substantia nigra releases what hormone?

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

What causes the substantia nigra to be dark in color?

Answer 18

presence of melanin

Question 19

What is the functions related to Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 19

control of the visceral functions & brainstem reflexes

Question 20

What cranial nerves are associated with the Medulla oblongata?

Answer 20

CN 8,9,10,11,12

Question 21

What are the reflexes that is influenced by the brain stem?

Answer 21

gag, cough, baroreceptor, chemoreceptor, vomiting reflexes; autonomic functions

Question 22

True or false: The medulla oblongata is the main respiratory center that contains dorsal and ventral groups of cells.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

What reflexes does the PONS control?

Answer 23

⮞ urinary bladder
⮞ respiratory control
⮞ vestibular control eye movement

Question 24

What are the associated cranial nerves of the PONS?

Answer 24

CN 5,6,7,8

Question 25

CN 5/trigeminal nerve is concerned with

Answer 25

⮞ sensory on face

⮞ motor with muscles of mastication; chewing

Question 26

The corneal reflex regarding SENSORY impulses affect what cranial nerve?

Answer 26

CN 5

Question 27

The corneal reflex regarding MOTOR impulses affect what cranial nerve?

Answer 27

CN 7

Question 28

The cerebellum plays an important role in

Answer 28

feed-forward regulation of MOTOR activity

Question 29

Intention tremors might occur if?

Answer 29

there is a miscalculation with the movement

Question 30

The vermis is important for

Answer 30

BALANCE

Question 31

MRI showed embolus on the internal carotid artery. you would expect what manifestation?

Answer 31

Paralyzed upper and lower extremities contralateral to the lesion

Question 32

Motor dysfunction like hyperkinesia/hypokinesia and OCD behavior is due to the involvement of what structures?

Answer 32

⮞ caudate (date)
⮞ putamen (men)
⮞ globus pallidus (globally)

Question 33

blood brain barrier is impermeable to

Answer 33

hydrogen