1st semester: CVS 5,6

Question 1

TRUE about the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Answer 1

A decrease in BP → decrease renal blood flow→ decrease sodium filtrate→ activatino of the macula densa→ stimulation of JG cells→ Renin release

Question 2

what is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the VENULAR END based on the given data?
Arteriolar end Venular end
cHP = 25mm/Hg cHP = 23mm/Hg
cOP = 26mm/Hg cOP = 26mm/Hg
iHP = 6mm/Hg iHP = 10mm/Hg

Answer 2

(-)2 → reabsorption

Question 3

What is stimulated when ABP changes from 90/70mmHg to 120/90mmHg?

Answer 3

Carotid sinus

Question 4

An effect of angiotensin II?

Answer 4

Vasoconstriction

other effects: Increase BP, Thirsty, Crave for salt → fluid retention mechanisms

Question 5

Low pressure receptors which detect simultaneous increases in LOW PRESSURE areas of the circulation found in the _________

Answer 5

Atria

Pulmonary arteries

Question 6

An example of ACTIVE HYPEREMIA due to the production of metabolic substances

Answer 6

exercising the muscles for 5 minutes

Question 7

In cerebral regulation of blood flow, functional recruitment means

Answer 7

increase in BLOOD FLOW on the homonculus representation when a part of the body is utilized

Question 8

TRUE regarding arterial tone

Answer 8

1. Myogenic control: vascular smooth muscles respond to changes in pressure
2. Hormonal control: catecholamines affect adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscles
3. Neural control: vasoconstriction activated by sympathetic nerves

Question 9

Structure responsible for the long term mechanism for ABP regulation

Answer 9

KIDNEYS

Question 10

one of the instantaneous changes in regulating blood flow that happens in hypertension is

Answer 10

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 11

TRUE about fetal circulation

Answer 11

Pulmonary circulation is limited due to its high pressure

Question 12

Effects of angiotensin II

Answer 12

1. vasoconstriction
2. stimulates hypothalamus and posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
3. stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Question 13

Intestinal blood flow is mainly dependent on _____ with _____ as the substance for VASODILATION

Answer 13

metabolic control: adenosine → VASODILATION

Question 14

Increase in BLOOD VOLUME results to

Answer 14

decreased ADH

Question 15

Permeable to the blood brain barrier

Answer 15

C02, O2, Glucose

[Ang hindi ay H+]

Question 16

Blood reaching the LIVER is mostly coming from ____`

Answer 16

venous GIT circulation

Question 17

____ is directly increased by ADH

Answer 17

BLOOD VOLUME

Question 18

It favors filtration and the occurence of edema

Answer 18

Filtration barrier of the kidney permeable to PROTEINS

Question 19

If a baroreceptor in the aorta detects low blood pressure, results to

Answer 19

vasoconstriction

Question 20

TRUE about regulation of blood flow in the CEREBRUM

Answer 20

1. blood supply is thru branches of internal carotid and vertebral arteries
2. after eating, there is constant blood supply to the cerebrum
3. Parasympathetic neurons to the cerebral vessels is thru CN VII

Question 21

The aortic and carotid chemoreceptors are stimulated by

Answer 21

a reduction of arterial BP to below 80mm/Hg

Question 22

The blood brain barrier is HIGHLY PERMEABLE to

Answer 22

CO2

Question 23

The intermediate mechanisms for ABP control are

Answer 23

RAAS, Capillary fluid shift, stress relaxation of vasculature

Question 24

The intermediate mechanism for brainbridge reflex is

Answer 24

artrial reflex → INCREASED heart rate and vasopressin

Question 25

Blood pressure INCREASES | Heart rate DECREASES in response to what

Answer 25

Increased intercranial pressure

Question 26

Hypomagnesemia results to

Answer 26

decreased blood flow to tissues

Question 27

CASE: a 50 yr old, slightly cyanotic male complains of dizziness and easy fatigability. Blood test reveals an increase hematocrit leading to the diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Treatment consists of periodic phlebotomy (extraction of venous blood) to reduce his hemtocrit. How will this help the patient?

Answer 27

Reducing BLOOD VISCOCITY

Question 28

The CNS ischemic response, as a regulator of ABP, DOES NOT become significant until the arterial pressure false below normal

Answer 28

down to 60 ABP

Question 29

The filtration co-efficient of capillaries is determined mainly by

Answer 29

capillary permeability

Question 30

Perfusion to the myocardium is MOSTLY from

Answer 30

Right coronary artery

Question 31

MOST LIKELY would result to edema

Answer 31

Liver disease

Question 32

what ions, when INCREASED causes vasoconstriction

Answer 32

endothelin

Question 33

75% of hepatic blood flow comes from

Answer 33

the portal vein

Question 34

angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that

Answer 34

causes release of aldosterone

Question 35

TRUE of RAAS

Answer 35

Angiotensin is activated by the presence of RENIN in the liver [Renin → released by KIDNEYS → angiotensin into circulation → release of aldosterone by adrenal cortex]

Question 36

what hormone increases arterial pressure by directly increasing both cardiac output and total peripheral resistance?

Answer 36

vasopressin/ADH

Question 37

This is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acting as pain reliever administered to a neonate with patent ductus arteriosus 12 hours after birth to close the vessel.

Answer 37

Indomethacin

Question 38

A primary factor that regulates blood flow

Answer 38

arteriolar diameter

Question 39

In diabetic nephropathy where Albumin is lost in the urine, what would be the direction of the movement of fluid between the capillaries and the interstitium?

Answer 39

Outwards into the interstitial space

Question 40

Ricky attended a party, wearing a tight collared shirt. while in the party, he complained of dizziness. What could possibly explain this?

Answer 40

Increased pressure within the carotid sinus resulting in reflex bradycardia

Question 41

sympathetic cholinergic stimulation of sweat glands causes

Answer 41

vasodilation of peripheral cutaneous vessels

Question 42

The regulatory blood pressure mechanisms results from a low blood pressure

Answer 42

RAAS

Question 43

A patient experiences orthostatic hypotension after a sympathectomy. Which explains the occurence?

Answer 43

A suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanisms

Question 44

the aortic and carotid chemoreceptors are stimulated by

Answer 44

reduction of ABP below 80mmHg

Question 45

a rise in central venous pressure that is enough to distend the R atrium increases the heart rate. This is embodied in

Answer 45

Brainbridge reflex

Question 46

The hepatic sinusoids contain which type of blood?

Answer 46

mixed more and less oxygenated blood

Question 47

_________ is the primary factor that regulates blood flow.

Answer 47

Blood Volume | [Increased pCO2 vasodilator]