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PHYSIOLOGY > 1st semester: CVS 5,6 > Flashcards

1st semester: CVS 5,6 Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE about the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)

A

A decrease in BP → decrease renal blood flow→ decrease sodium filtrate→ activatino of the macula densa→ stimulation of JG cells→ Renin release

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2
Q

what is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the VENULAR END based on the given data?
Arteriolar end Venular end
cHP = 25mm/Hg cHP = 23mm/Hg
cOP = 26mm/Hg cOP = 26mm/Hg
iHP = 6mm/Hg iHP = 10mm/Hg

A

(-)2 → reabsorption

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3
Q

What is stimulated when ABP changes from 90/70mmHg to 120/90mmHg?

A

Carotid sinus

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4
Q

An effect of angiotensin II?

A

Vasoconstriction

other effects: Increase BP, Thirsty, Crave for salt → fluid retention mechanisms

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5
Q

Low pressure receptors which detect simultaneous increases in LOW PRESSURE areas of the circulation found in the _________

A

Atria

Pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

An example of ACTIVE HYPEREMIA due to the production of metabolic substances

A

exercising the muscles for 5 minutes

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7
Q

In cerebral regulation of blood flow, functional recruitment means

A

increase in BLOOD FLOW on the homonculus representation when a part of the body is utilized

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8
Q

TRUE regarding arterial tone

A
  1. Myogenic control: vascular smooth muscles respond to changes in pressure
  2. Hormonal control: catecholamines affect adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscles
  3. Neural control: vasoconstriction activated by sympathetic nerves
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9
Q

Structure responsible for the long term mechanism for ABP regulation

A

KIDNEYS

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10
Q

one of the instantaneous changes in regulating blood flow that happens in hypertension is

A

Baroreceptor reflex

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11
Q

TRUE about fetal circulation

A

Pulmonary circulation is limited due to its high pressure

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12
Q

Effects of angiotensin II

A
  1. vasoconstriction
  2. stimulates hypothalamus and posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
  3. stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
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13
Q

Intestinal blood flow is mainly dependent on _____ with _____ as the substance for VASODILATION

A

metabolic control: adenosine → VASODILATION

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14
Q

Increase in BLOOD VOLUME results to

A

decreased ADH

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15
Q

Permeable to the blood brain barrier

A

C02, O2, Glucose

[Ang hindi ay H+]

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16
Q

Blood reaching the LIVER is mostly coming from ____`

A

venous GIT circulation

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17
Q

____ is directly increased by ADH

A

BLOOD VOLUME

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18
Q

It favors filtration and the occurence of edema

A

Filtration barrier of the kidney permeable to PROTEINS

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19
Q

If a baroreceptor in the aorta detects low blood pressure, results to

A

vasoconstriction

20
Q

TRUE about regulation of blood flow in the CEREBRUM

A
  1. blood supply is thru branches of internal carotid and vertebral arteries
  2. after eating, there is constant blood supply to the cerebrum
  3. Parasympathetic neurons to the cerebral vessels is thru CN VII
21
Q

The aortic and carotid chemoreceptors are stimulated by

A

a reduction of arterial BP to below 80mm/Hg

22
Q

The blood brain barrier is HIGHLY PERMEABLE to

A

CO2

23
Q

The intermediate mechanisms for ABP control are

A

RAAS, Capillary fluid shift, stress relaxation of vasculature

24
Q

The intermediate mechanism for brainbridge reflex is

A

artrial reflex → INCREASED heart rate and vasopressin

25
Q

Blood pressure INCREASES

Heart rate DECREASES in response to what

A

Increased intercranial pressure

26
Q

Hypomagnesemia results to

A

decreased blood flow to tissues

27
Q

CASE: a 50 yr old, slightly cyanotic male complains of dizziness and easy fatigability. Blood test reveals an increase hematocrit leading to the diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Treatment consists of periodic phlebotomy (extraction of venous blood) to reduce his hemtocrit. How will this help the patient?

A

Reducing BLOOD VISCOCITY

28
Q

The CNS ischemic response, as a regulator of ABP, DOES NOT become significant until the arterial pressure false below normal

A

down to 60 ABP

29
Q

The filtration co-efficient of capillaries is determined mainly by

A

capillary permeability

30
Q

Perfusion to the myocardium is MOSTLY from

A

Right coronary artery

31
Q

MOST LIKELY would result to edema

A

Liver disease

32
Q

what ions, when INCREASED causes vasoconstriction

A

endothelin

33
Q

75% of hepatic blood flow comes from

A

the portal vein

34
Q

angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that

A

causes release of aldosterone

35
Q

TRUE of RAAS

A

Angiotensin is activated by the presence of RENIN in the liver
[Renin → released by KIDNEYS → angiotensin into circulation → release of aldosterone by adrenal cortex]

36
Q

what hormone increases arterial pressure by directly increasing both cardiac output and total peripheral resistance?

A

vasopressin/ADH

37
Q

This is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acting as pain reliever administered to a neonate with patent ductus arteriosus 12 hours after birth to close the vessel.

A

Indomethacin

38
Q

A primary factor that regulates blood flow

A

arteriolar diameter

39
Q

In diabetic nephropathy where Albumin is lost in the urine, what would be the direction of the movement of fluid between the capillaries and the interstitium?

A

Outwards into the interstitial space

40
Q

Ricky attended a party, wearing a tight collared shirt. while in the party, he complained of dizziness. What could possibly explain this?

A

Increased pressure within the carotid sinus resulting in reflex bradycardia

41
Q

sympathetic cholinergic stimulation of sweat glands causes

A

vasodilation of peripheral cutaneous vessels

42
Q

The regulatory blood pressure mechanisms results from a low blood pressure

A

RAAS

43
Q

A patient experiences orthostatic hypotension after a sympathectomy. Which explains the occurence?

A

A suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanisms

44
Q

the aortic and carotid chemoreceptors are stimulated by

A

reduction of ABP below 80mmHg

45
Q

a rise in central venous pressure that is enough to distend the R atrium increases the heart rate. This is embodied in

A

Brainbridge reflex

46
Q

The hepatic sinusoids contain which type of blood?

A

mixed more and less oxygenated blood

47
Q

_________ is the primary factor that regulates blood flow.

A

Blood Volume

[Increased pCO2 vasodilator]

PHYSIOLOGY (27 decks)

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