2nd semester: Renal 1 & 2

Question 1

The regulation of arterial pressure by the kidneys is associated with what system?

Answer 1

RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)

Question 2

Hormones by the kidneys: Erythpoietin, renin and calcitriol. What hormone is secreted by the JG cells/granular cells?

Answer 2

Renin

Question 3

Hormones that target kidneys: ADH, aldosterone, ANP (anti natriuretic peptide), calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which of these is the most potent mineralocorticoid in the glomerulus?

Answer 3

Aldosterone

Question 4

The renal cortex’s environment is _____ in nature.

Answer 4

isotonic

Question 5

The renal medulla’s is _____ in nature. It contains pyramids and renal columns.

Answer 5

hypertonic

Question 6

What are the components of the Renal Hilum?

Answer 6

Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Ureter

Question 7

The urine is formed by the _____

Answer 7

nephrons

Question 8

the smooth muscle of the ureters are capable of peristaltic movement enhanced by _____

Answer 8

parasympathetic activation

Question 9

The kidneys receive ____ of cardiac output. Highest percentage of CO per 100g of tissue.

Answer 9

20-25%

Question 10

Is the pressure high in the renal artery as it bifurcates into different branches?

Answer 10

no, it decreases.

Question 11

Is the pressure in the glomerular capillaries more than normal hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 11

yes, it is 60mm/Hg.

normal HP = 25 -35mm/Hg

Question 12

What is the main reason of the pressure decreasing to 18mm/Hg when it passes through the efferent arteriole?

Answer 12

There is high resistance in the arterioles

Question 13

High capillary hydrostatic BP favors fluid filtration

Low capillary hydrostatic BP favors

Answer 13

fluid absorption

Question 14

Norepinephrine ________ by sympathetic fibers

Answer 14

vasoconstricts

Question 15

_____ is an enzyme contained by the kidneys and degrades the catecholamines.

Answer 15

Renalase

Question 16

What happens to the urine output when Anuria occurs?

Answer 16

urine output would be severely less than normal

< 50ml/day

Question 17

3 major segments where most of the renal vascular resistance resides:

Answer 17

Interlobular artery
Efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole

Question 18

A long peritubular capillary extending into the inner medullary zone is a characteristic of _____

Answer 18

juxtaglomerular nephrons

Question 19

The ____ is a component of the glomerular filtration barrier that is considered as the “charge-selective filter”

Answer 19

glomerular basement membrane

Question 20

what is expected to happen if there is lesser amount of NaCl reaching the macula densa?

Answer 20

afferent arteriole dilatation

Question 21

It is the portion of the plasma that was filtered wherein 20% enters the glomerulus and 80% return to the circulation

Answer 21

Filtration Fraction

Question 22

The ___ cells are contained within the collecting duct

Answer 22

intercalated cells

Question 23

A substance that is found in the blood and filtrate but not in the urine, physiologically

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

A condition that will most likely result to a decrease in GFR

Answer 24

dehydration

Question 25

What are the effector cells in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?

Answer 25

JG cells

Question 26

What cells are involved in fluid filtration?

Answer 26

Podocytes

Question 27

A substance with an excretion rate more than the filtration rate means that it is _____

Answer 27

freely filtered, not reabsorbed but secreted

Question 28

What is the approximate filtration fraction of a substance if the GFR = 160ml/min and RPF (renal plasma flow) = 800ml/min?

Answer 28

20%

Question 29

Autoregulation of RBF primarily affects which part of the renal circulation?

Answer 29

Afferent arteriole

Question 30

If a drug that was given blocked the effect of angiotensin II, all of the following will be expected to happen:

Answer 30

decrease on glomerular hydrostatic pressure efferent arterioles remain unchanged decrease on GFR`

Question 31

The ____ cells are not involved in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism for regulation of GFR

Answer 31

mesangial cells

Question 32

an unknown substance was given to a subject with a molecular redius of 27A and a molecular weight of 3,000. What will happen to the substance?

Answer 32

It will never be filtered.

Question 33

After the release of a potent vasoconstrictor hormone following hypovolemia, effect on the kidneys will be?

Answer 33

decrease in RBF

Question 34

The ____ is shared by the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 34

Contains peritubular capillaries

Question 35

What is the approximate filtration fraction if RPF = 600ml/min and GFR = 75ml/min?

Answer 35

12% (FR = GFR/RPF)