2nd semester: Pituitary Gland Flashcards by Bea Macatangay

somatomedin is produced and secreted by the

hepatocytes

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acidophilic cells of adenophypophysis secrete

growth hormone

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Decreased activity of acidophilic cells of the adenohypophysis after puberty could lead to

(?)

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Action of growth hormone mediated by IGF-1

increased protein synthesis

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Hypoglycemia will

increase GH secretion

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GH secretion is under this control mechanism

Endocrine axis driven negative feedback

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Post pubertal GH deficiency is

Is pathological because of the absence of metabolic effects of GH

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Albinism is due to abnormal decrease in the

Amount of melanin secreting cells

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The anterior pituitary gland is

made up mostly of the pars distalis

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The sensitivity of the uterine musculature to Oxytocin is enhance by and inhibited by

Estrogen;progesterone

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The cell which secretes ADH and Oxytocin are

Nerve cells which are collectively known as magnocellular cells

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From their identical amino acid sequence, which of these pairs of amino acids will differentiate ADH and Oxytocin

Phe-Arg and Ile-leu

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structure in the CNS synthesize ADH

Supraoptic nuclei

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Regulation of ADH secretion is primarily controlled by

Increase in the osmolarity of the ECF

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ADH cause reabsorption of water in the DCT and CD via the

V2 receptors

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The vasoconstricting effect o ADH will supervene over its effect on reabsorption of water in response to hyperosmolality when
blood volume is decreased by

Less than 8%

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SIADH is characterized by

Dilutional hyponatremia, fluid overload

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The mechanism that facilitates the reabsorption of water at the DCT and CD is thru

Second messenger system with activation of cAMP

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The secretory mechanism by which ADH and oxytocin is released from the secretory granule is thru____.

Exocytosis

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In vasopressin, this amino acid is replaced by isoleucine in oxytocin

Phenylalanine

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factors would stimulate release of ADH

Decreased blood volume

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MRS. Hokkaido consulted in your clinic asking why it is every time she hears her baby cry, she may experience milk ejection from the
nipples even before the baby is placed to the breast. What is the explanation for this?

The sound of the hungry baby’s cry elicits secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary, which reaches the breast and
causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells.

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The master gland of the body regulates activity of which of the following endocrine organ

Ovary

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A hyperfunctioning pituitary gland tumor will most likely secrete which of the following

Growth hormone (GH)

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Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland directly affecting the target organs

Prolactin

Adenohypophysis helps regulate all of the following EXCEPT

Temperature

following is expected in a patient with Central Diabetes Insipidus

LOW ADH → High urine volume → Low plasma volume → High plasma tonicity

Patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) will immediately manifest

High plasma volume

Dextrose 5% Lactated Ringer's Solution (D5%LRS) was infused to a well patient in the hospital. Which of the following will happen in this patient?

High plasma volume → High plasma tonicity → High ADH

The most potent stimulus to vasopressin secretion is

High plasma tonicity

basis of ADH release?

Serum Pitressin 2

Stimulus to oxytocin release

Cervical stretch

Amino acid composition of Oxytocin

Isoleucine

ADH secretion is inhibited by

Cortisol

In Nephrogenic type of diabetes insipidus there is

A congenital defect of the vasopressin receptor

In the regulation of ADH secretion

Osmotic control is the primary control

This inhibitor inhibits the synthesis of oxytocin receptors

Progesterone

Initiates milk ejection “let-down”

Oxytocin, Psychic stimuli

the major term of controller of growth hormone secretion

State of nutrition

What is the long effect of TSH when it binds with TSH receptor

It increases the number of follicular cells

Skin hyperpigmentation due to an elevated circulating ACTH is mediated by its binding to

MCR 1 causing an increase in melanin synthesis

The ff statements correctly describes prolactin EXCEPT

Physiologic effects happen when it binds with a G protein linked receptor

The statement best describes FSH

It is primarily secreted when there is lower frequency of GnRH pulses

The anterior Pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate the endocrine function of the ff glands EXCEPT

Adrenal medulla

physiologic actions of growth hormone is mediated by JGF-1

↑ Chon-synthesis

Which anterior Pituitary hormone plays a major role in the regulation of nonendocrine target gland

Prolactin

Prolactin secretion is decreased by

↓ estrogen after delivery of the fetus and placenta

Basis for AVP regulated water permeability

Aquaporin 2

can increase AVP release

Tuberculosis

Osmoreceptors are found at

Hypothalamus

Carrier protein for Oxytocin

Neurophysin 1

A large percentage of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis are

Acidophilic - Somatotropes

Dwarfism is never expected in cases of decreased production/secretion of

GH after puberty

This hormone has the ability to stimulate activity of melanocytes (skin)

ACTH

In mild cases of hypopituitarism, there is deficiency of

Gonadotropins

Non-endocrine problem which could lead to dwarfism

Achondroplasia

In cases of pituitary acidophilic tumor that grows upward, it could compress or damage cranial nerve

The long-term effect of ACTH

Hypertrophy of adrenal cortex

Skin hyperpigmentation due to an elevated circulating ACTH is mediated by its binding

MCR 1 causing an increase in melanin synthesis

If the blood supply from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland is completely interrupted, secretion of

Prolactin increases

What is the intermediate effect of TSH when it binds with TSH receptor

It increases the activity of NIS.

In mild hypopituitarism, the secretion of which of

FSH

ADH secretion is increased by

increased ECF osmolality

Hyperglycemia caused by growth hormone is primarily due to

Decreased peripheral glucose uptake

Amino acid composition of oxytocin

Isoleucine

Secrete proopiomelanocortin

Corticotrophs

Long term effect of TSH on the thyroid gland

Increases number of thyroid cells

The highest secretion of growth hormone is observed during/In

Puberty

Patients with central diabetes insipidus would present which of the following

Polyuria

Which one of the following hormones is secreted mainly by the supraopitic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Arginine

In the posterior pituitary, the hormones are stored and released from the

Pituicytes

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2nd semester: Pituitary Gland Flashcards

Anterior & Posterior Gland

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