1st semester: ECG. CVS 4

Question 1

Which ECG lead has a positive electrode connected to the right arm?

Answer 1

AVR

Question 2

TRUE regarding electrocardiogram

Answer 2

QRS complex follows the onset of ventricular contraction

T wave is due to repolarization of the ventricles

Question 3

In an ECG of a Caucasian Lead I is more upright and a VF is a couple line negative from 0 axis. His ECG shows an/a _______

Answer 3

Normal axis

Question 4

Poiscuille equation states the direct relationship of blood flow to

Answer 4

pressure gradient

Question 5

a variable that shows an indirect relationship

Answer 5

Blood flow viscosity vs Blood vessel area

Question 6

The peripheral vasculature under the least control of the sympathetic NS is the ________

Answer 6

capillary

Question 7

The tendency for blood flow to become turbulent is deceased by an increase in _______

Answer 7

blood viscosity

Question 8

The equation for the mean arterial pressure is ______

Answer 8

MAP = DP + 1/3 (PP)

Question 9

The delay in impulse conduction to the AV node is represented by

Answer 9

P-R segment [Av nodal delay]

Question 10

Repolarization of the atrial muscles is represented by which of the ff. in the ECG?

Answer 10

PR segment

Question 11

conditions will create a turbulent blood flow [laminar flow]

Answer 11

Aortic stenosis
Aneurysm
Severe Anemia

Question 12

Activity of which electrolyte/s is/are observed in PR and ST segments

Answer 12

calcium

potassium

Question 13

The major factor that 🡩 resistance to BLOOD FLOW is?

Answer 13

🡫 blood vessel radius

Question 14

Type II 2nd degreee AV block is generally considered more serious than Type I

Answer 14

cardiac output is diminished

Question 15

mechanism promotes VENOUS return and reduce venous pooling

Answer 15

Skeletal muscle pump
One way venous valves
Thoraco-abdominal pump

Question 16

Which of the ff. factors is directly proportional to rate of blood flow?

Answer 16

blood vessel radius raised to the 4th power

Question 17

When the blood pressure increases, maintenance of a given blood vessel wall tension requires a decrease in its radius. This is explained in

Answer 17

La Place Law

Question 18

If the RR interval is equivalent to 3 big squares (ECG paper), the heart rate is equal to

Answer 18

100 (3 squares)

Question 19

Arterial blood pressure is increased if there is a decrease in

Answer 19

cardiac output

Question 20

venous compliance > arterial compliance

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

T wave represents which phase of cardiac muscle action potential

Answer 21

Phase 3

Question 22

After ablation of the AV node, the patient may need a pace-maker because

Answer 22

impulses can no longer be conducted from the atria to the ventricles

Question 23

The pulse pressure is principally a function of

Answer 23

stroke volume

Question 24

The J point of the ECG tracing represents the

Answer 24

end of ventricular depolarization and start of ventri repolarization

Question 25

The electrocardiogram records activity of ____

Answer 25

action potential of fast response cardiac muscle

Question 26

Physiologically, the only QRS recorded predominantly as negative is in lead

Answer 26

aVF

Question 27

When the AV bundle is completely interrupted, in complete heart block,

Answer 27

a PR interval shows beat-to-beat variability

Question 28

B.A. is a 32 year old obese, hypertensive female, was rushed to the emergency room due to severe chest pain. As a medical intern, you suspect an inadequacy of blood flow to ventricular muscle as a cause of chest pain. What ECG configuration will you look in order to confirm you impression?

Answer 28

Depression of the ST segment [ventricular repolarization]

Question 29

Which does NOT conform with turbulent blood flow?

Answer 29

Turbulent flow rate is proportional to the cube root of the driving force

Question 30

M.C was admitted due to acute myocardial infarction as cause of chest pain. When you look at the ECG, you note a heart rate of 35 beats/minute. Which area of his heart has taken over as the heart’s pacecmaker?

Answer 30

Purkinjie fibers

Question 31

Venous return increases with a decrease in

Answer 31

venous capacitance

Question 32

These conditions contribute to an increase in ABP

Answer 32

Increased blood viscosity
Increased peripheral resistance
Increased stroke volume

Question 33

Ben is a 38 yr old medical resident was doing chart rounds with you, suddenly experienced dizziness and feeling of the light headedness. On ECG you noticed an AV nodal rhythm. What is the likely heart rate?

Answer 33

50/minute

Question 34

🡩 diastolic pressure is due to

Answer 34

peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 35

If the PR interval is more than 0.21 sec, with no other abnormalities, it is indicative

Answer 35

1st degree AV block

Question 36

Beginning 2017, criteria for the diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy is laid down by

Answer 36

Peguero-Lo Presti criteria

Question 37

If the length of the cardiac vector is equal to 10 mm, the magnitude of electrical activity of the subject’s heart is

Answer 37

1.0 mV

Question 38

Laminar flow occurs when the

Answer 38

blood vessel is unbranched

Question 39

Explaining the downward reflection of Q wave in QRS complex

Answer 39

depolarization of L to R bundle of His

Question 40

The distance between 2 small vertical lines is equal to

Answer 40

0.04 seconds

Question 41

The substances produced by the endothelium is a vasoconstrictor

Answer 41

endothelin

Question 42

vascular resistance is indirectly proportional to which of the ff.

Answer 42

Length of the blood vessel

Question 43

The blood vessels of the systemic circulation that are responsible for most of the resistance to blood flow are the

Answer 43

arterioles

Question 44

When the subject’s cardiac vector is = + 120 it is a

Answer 44

case of RIGHT axis deviation

Question 45

According to Einthoven’s law, if the QRS voltage in lead III is 0.2 millivolt, what is the QRS voltage in lead I?

Answer 45

0.1 millivolt

Question 46

The blood vessel that exhibits the greatest compliance

Answer 46

veins