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PHYSIOLOGY > 2nd semester: HEARING, TASTE & SMELL > Flashcards

2nd semester: HEARING, TASTE & SMELL Flashcards

1
Q

A bigger amplitude for sound pressure levels corresponds to _________

A

louder sound

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2
Q

which part of the brain responds for the memories of taste?

A

hippocampus

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3
Q

part of the tongue which responds to sweet taste?

A

fungiform

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4
Q

Taste modalities that interact with g-protein 2nd messenger activation EXCEPT

A

sour [IONOTROPIC RECEPTOR]

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5
Q

after the olfactory cells bind to odor molecules, a sequence of intracellular events occurs that culminates at the entrance of specific ions that depolarize the olfactory cell. What ion is involved?

A

Sodium ions

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6
Q

membrane that separates the scala media from scala ttympani

A

basilar membrane

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7
Q

Which parts of the ear is directly involved in impedence matching?

A

Incus

[the tympanic membrane and the auditory ossicles]

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8
Q

what ion is on high concentration in the endolymph of the scala media?

A

potassium

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9
Q

which of the following modalities has the lowest threshold?

A

Bitter

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10
Q

Which of the following taste sensation is caused by long-chain organic substances that contain nitrogen and alkaloids?

A

Bitter taste

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11
Q

Taste are renewed by basal cells every

A

2 weeks

[10-14]

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12
Q

causes for conduction deafness

A

otitis media
otosclerosis
impacted cerumen

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13
Q

The receptor cells serving taste for SWEETNESS is located mostly at

A

the tip of the tongue than at the back of the tongue

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14
Q

the louder sound will result to _____ action potential in the sensory neuron.

A

more frequent

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15
Q

The basilar membrane can code frequencies by vibrating maximally at certain points in the cochlea. The base vibrates maximally for ______ frequencies and the apex vibrate maximally for _____ frequencies.

A

high; low

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16
Q

what protects the ear from loud, low frequency sounds?

A

contraction of the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscle

[attenuation reflex]

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17
Q

The acoustic reflex helps to prevent damage from loud sounds. the tensor tympani work to protect it by ______

A

tightening the tympanic membrane to slow down sound transduction

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18
Q

the amplification of sound waves happen in the

A

middle ear

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19
Q

endolymph secretion

A

secreted by stria vascularis

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20
Q

it articulates to form a lever system that conducts sounds

A

ossicles

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21
Q

age related hearing impairment that begins after age 20 when the ability to hear high frequencies diminish

A

presbycusis

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22
Q

Rinnes test: AC>BC

A

normal and partial nerve deafness

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23
Q

Transmission of extremely loud sounds

A

Bone conduction

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24
Q

intensity threshold that may cause pain and permanent damage to the hearing apparatus

A

130db

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25
Q

loudness is determined by

A

outer hair cell involvement

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26
Q

bending away from the kinocilium

A

hyperpolarizes the cell

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27
Q

bony labyrinth of the inner ear

A

semicircular canal

28
Q

important gustatory for adequate stimulus for taste

A

water solubility

29
Q

one of the modality that is elicited by ionized salts

A

salty taste

30
Q

the lactic acid compound has an index of

A

0.85 M

31
Q

single class of compounds that has a sweet taste are the following except

A

glutamate compound

32
Q

the apical microvilli present in receptor cell function to

A

increase absorptive area

33
Q

a blocker of epithelial NA+ channel that reduces salt taste in human

A

amiloride

34
Q

composition of lateral olfactory area except

A

limbic system

35
Q

structure that sends inhibitory signals to the mitral and tufted cells at the CNS for adaptation

A

granule cell

36
Q

conscious perception and analysis of odor

A

newer pathway

37
Q

does the cochlear duct have perilymph fluid

A

nooooo

38
Q

this determines pitch of sound

A

frequency of sound

39
Q

in weber test :localization of sound to the affected ear

A

no hearing loss, partial nerve deafness

40
Q

bitter taste is caused by

A

alkaloids and long chain organic substances

41
Q

part of the tongue that responds to sweet and salty tastes

A

filiform

42
Q

sour taste transduction involves

A

hydrogen ions blocking K channels

43
Q

in taste transduction, increase in the concentration of this ion triggers the release of NT from the receptor cell

A

calcium

44
Q

cell that is needed for the generation of new olfactory receptors

A

basal cells

45
Q

endolymph has ____ potassium concentration level than the perilymph

A

HIGHER

46
Q

loudness is determined by

A

amplitude of the sound wave,
spatial summation of the impluse
involvement of the outer hair cells

47
Q

is an impacted cerumen a sensorineural deafness

A

nope

48
Q

the receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium are classified as

A

bipolar

49
Q

taste modalities that does not utilize G-protein coupled receptors in taste transduction

A

salty

50
Q

part of the tongue that responds to bitter taste

A

circimvallate

51
Q

sweet taste transduction involves

A

elevation of cAMP

52
Q

innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

CN VII

53
Q

alkaloids produce this taste modality

A

bitter

54
Q

has the least threshold for tasting

A

bitter

55
Q

smell sensation is an example of what type signal transmission

A

convergence

56
Q

olfactory neurons are

A

bipolar and derived from the CNS

57
Q

impedance matching is a role of

A

ossicles and tympanic membrane

58
Q

cochlear duct is in which labyrinth

A

membranous

59
Q

fluid found in the utricle

A

endolymph

60
Q

it is the most objective test in measuring the degree of deafness

A

audiometry

61
Q

this decreases our hearing sensitivity to our own speech, and results from contraction of tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

A

attenuation reflex

62
Q

Air conduction > Bone conduction deafness

A

sensorineural

63
Q

Bone conduction > Air conduction deafness

A

conductive deafness

64
Q

method by the nervous system to detect different sound

A

localization theory

65
Q

papillae found in the folds along the lateral surfaces of the tongue

A

follate

PHYSIOLOGY (27 decks)

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