2nd semester: HEARING, TASTE & SMELL

Question 1

A bigger amplitude for sound pressure levels corresponds to _________

Answer 1

louder sound

Question 2

which part of the brain responds for the memories of taste?

Answer 2

hippocampus

Question 3

part of the tongue which responds to sweet taste?

Answer 3

fungiform

Question 4

Taste modalities that interact with g-protein 2nd messenger activation EXCEPT

Answer 4

sour [IONOTROPIC RECEPTOR]

Question 5

after the olfactory cells bind to odor molecules, a sequence of intracellular events occurs that culminates at the entrance of specific ions that depolarize the olfactory cell. What ion is involved?

Answer 5

Sodium ions

Question 6

membrane that separates the scala media from scala ttympani

Answer 6

basilar membrane

Question 7

Which parts of the ear is directly involved in impedence matching?

Answer 7

Incus

[the tympanic membrane and the auditory ossicles]

Question 8

what ion is on high concentration in the endolymph of the scala media?

Answer 8

potassium

Question 9

which of the following modalities has the lowest threshold?

Answer 9

Bitter

Question 10

Which of the following taste sensation is caused by long-chain organic substances that contain nitrogen and alkaloids?

Answer 10

Bitter taste

Question 11

Taste are renewed by basal cells every

Answer 11

2 weeks

[10-14]

Question 12

causes for conduction deafness

Answer 12

otitis media
otosclerosis
impacted cerumen

Question 13

The receptor cells serving taste for SWEETNESS is located mostly at

Answer 13

the tip of the tongue than at the back of the tongue

Question 14

the louder sound will result to _____ action potential in the sensory neuron.

Answer 14

more frequent

Question 15

The basilar membrane can code frequencies by vibrating maximally at certain points in the cochlea. The base vibrates maximally for ______ frequencies and the apex vibrate maximally for _____ frequencies.

Answer 15

high; low

Question 16

what protects the ear from loud, low frequency sounds?

Answer 16

contraction of the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscle

[attenuation reflex]

Question 17

The acoustic reflex helps to prevent damage from loud sounds. the tensor tympani work to protect it by ______

Answer 17

tightening the tympanic membrane to slow down sound transduction

Question 18

the amplification of sound waves happen in the

Answer 18

middle ear

Question 19

endolymph secretion

Answer 19

secreted by stria vascularis

Question 20

it articulates to form a lever system that conducts sounds

Answer 20

ossicles

Question 21

age related hearing impairment that begins after age 20 when the ability to hear high frequencies diminish

Answer 21

presbycusis

Question 22

Rinnes test: AC>BC

Answer 22

normal and partial nerve deafness

Question 23

Transmission of extremely loud sounds

Answer 23

Bone conduction

Question 24

intensity threshold that may cause pain and permanent damage to the hearing apparatus

Answer 24

130db

Question 25

loudness is determined by

Answer 25

outer hair cell involvement

Question 26

bending away from the kinocilium

Answer 26

hyperpolarizes the cell

Question 27

bony labyrinth of the inner ear

Answer 27

semicircular canal

Question 28

important gustatory for adequate stimulus for taste

Answer 28

water solubility

Question 29

one of the modality that is elicited by ionized salts

Answer 29

salty taste

Question 30

the lactic acid compound has an index of

Answer 30

0.85 M

Question 31

single class of compounds that has a sweet taste are the following except

Answer 31

glutamate compound

Question 32

the apical microvilli present in receptor cell function to

Answer 32

increase absorptive area

Question 33

a blocker of epithelial NA+ channel that reduces salt taste in human

Answer 33

amiloride

Question 34

composition of lateral olfactory area except

Answer 34

limbic system

Question 35

structure that sends inhibitory signals to the mitral and tufted cells at the CNS for adaptation

Answer 35

granule cell

Question 36

conscious perception and analysis of odor

Answer 36

newer pathway

Question 37

does the cochlear duct have perilymph fluid

Answer 37

nooooo

Question 38

this determines pitch of sound

Answer 38

frequency of sound

Question 39

in weber test :localization of sound to the affected ear

Answer 39

no hearing loss, partial nerve deafness

Question 40

bitter taste is caused by

Answer 40

alkaloids and long chain organic substances

Question 41

part of the tongue that responds to sweet and salty tastes

Answer 41

filiform

Question 42

sour taste transduction involves

Answer 42

hydrogen ions blocking K channels

Question 43

in taste transduction, increase in the concentration of this ion triggers the release of NT from the receptor cell

Answer 43

calcium

Question 44

cell that is needed for the generation of new olfactory receptors

Answer 44

basal cells

Question 45

endolymph has ____ potassium concentration level than the perilymph

Answer 45

HIGHER

Question 46

loudness is determined by

Answer 46

amplitude of the sound wave, spatial summation of the impluse involvement of the outer hair cells

Question 47

is an impacted cerumen a sensorineural deafness

Answer 47

nope

Question 48

the receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium are classified as

Answer 48

bipolar

Question 49

taste modalities that does not utilize G-protein coupled receptors in taste transduction

Answer 49

salty

Question 50

part of the tongue that responds to bitter taste

Answer 50

circimvallate

Question 51

sweet taste transduction involves

Answer 51

elevation of cAMP

Question 52

innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 52

CN VII

Question 53

alkaloids produce this taste modality

Answer 53

bitter

Question 54

has the least threshold for tasting

Answer 54

bitter

Question 55

smell sensation is an example of what type signal transmission

Answer 55

convergence

Question 56

olfactory neurons are

Answer 56

bipolar and derived from the CNS

Question 57

impedance matching is a role of

Answer 57

ossicles and tympanic membrane

Question 58

cochlear duct is in which labyrinth

Answer 58

membranous

Question 59

fluid found in the utricle

Answer 59

endolymph

Question 60

it is the most objective test in measuring the degree of deafness

Answer 60

audiometry

Question 61

this decreases our hearing sensitivity to our own speech, and results from contraction of tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

Answer 61

attenuation reflex

Question 62

Air conduction > Bone conduction deafness

Answer 62

sensorineural

Question 63

Bone conduction > Air conduction deafness

Answer 63

conductive deafness

Question 64

method by the nervous system to detect different sound

Answer 64

localization theory

Question 65

papillae found in the folds along the lateral surfaces of the tongue

Answer 65

follate