1st semester: Respiratory 1 & 2

Question 1

When the ventilation to perfusion (V/Q) ratio is zero, this may indicate that __________

Answer 1

The airways are obstructed

Question 2

T or F: In the physiologic dead space, the total volume of gas that do not participate in gas exchange.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

It is considered as functional anatomical unit of the lung:

Answer 3

Bronchopulmonary segment

Question 4

During embryonic development, the alveolar epithelium is composed entirely of what type of cells?

Answer 4

TYPE II alveolar cells

Question 5

Complete airway obstruction will have a V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio of

Answer 5

Zero (0)

Question 6

Contraction of this muscle group increase the transverse diameter of the thoracic cavity during INSPIRATION

Answer 6

External intercostals

Question 7

Where is the major site of airway resistance along the bronchial tree?

Answer 7

First eight generations of airways

Question 8

A decrease in lung compliance can be seen in all of the following:

Answer 8

Pleural effusion, pneumonia, fibrosis

Question 9

_______ will have a normal alveolar-arterial gradient

Answer 9

Hypoventilation

Question 10

At functional residual capacity (FRC), the pressure difference across the respiratory system is ______

Answer 10

zero (0) cm H2O

Question 11

Work of breathing is increased by this factor:

Answer 11

an increase in the alveolar surface tension

Question 12

Law of gases which states that solubility of a gas in a liquid state is proportional to the pressure of the gas in gas state

Answer 12

Henry’s Law

Question 13

The type pneumocyte that is primarily involved in gas diffusion is

Answer 13

Type I

Question 14

Lung diffusion capacity is directly proportional with all of the following:

Answer 14

alveolar number, pressure gradient, surface area

Question 15

The _____ cells are considered as alveolar macrophages

Answer 15

DUST CELLS

Question 16

Alveolar collapse, work of breathing, surface tension will be decreased by

Answer 16

surfactants

Question 17

The amount of air remaining in the lung after quite expiration

Answer 17

functional residual capacity

Question 18

The relationship between surface tension and alveolar radius is BEST described by what law?

Answer 18

Laplace’s Law

Question 19

In spirometry, ________ is also known as the “resting volume”

Answer 19

functional residual capacity

Question 20

It is the volume of gas that can be expired by forceful expiration after a normal tidal expiration:

Answer 20

expiratory reserve volume

Question 21

True or False: Increased work of breathing is observed in an increase of lung compliance.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

The total volume of exhaled air, from maximal inspiration to a maximal exhalation is called ______

Answer 22

Vital capacity

Question 23

Adequate blood flow but with poor ventilation is termed as _________

Answer 23

shunting ( passage of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left without participation in gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries)

Question 24

This transport mechanism is responsible for the movement of gases across the respiratory membrane

Answer 24

Simple diffusion

Question 25

Factors that increase airway resistance

Answer 25

increase in surface tension
high gas velocity
low lung volume

Question 26

gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane will increase if there is a decrease in

Answer 26

solubility of gas

Question 27

LOW vital capacity can be seen in the following:

Answer 27

⮞ Elderly
⮞ Female
⮞ obese person

Question 28

This will decrease the diffusion capacity of the lung:

Answer 28

exercise

Question 29

pulmonary blood flow states that

Answer 29

the blood flow at the base of the lung is GREATER than at the apex of the lung

Question 30

Which law states that the pressure exerted by each gas (partial pressure) is directly proportional to the percentage of that gas in the gas mixture?

Answer 30

Dalton’s Law