1st semester: Respiratory 1 & 2 Flashcards
When the ventilation to perfusion (V/Q) ratio is zero, this may indicate that __________
The airways are obstructed
T or F: In the physiologic dead space, the total volume of gas that do not participate in gas exchange.
TRUE
It is considered as functional anatomical unit of the lung:
Bronchopulmonary segment
During embryonic development, the alveolar epithelium is composed entirely of what type of cells?
TYPE II alveolar cells
Complete airway obstruction will have a V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio of
Zero (0)
Contraction of this muscle group increase the transverse diameter of the thoracic cavity during INSPIRATION
External intercostals
Where is the major site of airway resistance along the bronchial tree?
First eight generations of airways
A decrease in lung compliance can be seen in all of the following:
Pleural effusion, pneumonia, fibrosis
_______ will have a normal alveolar-arterial gradient
Hypoventilation
At functional residual capacity (FRC), the pressure difference across the respiratory system is ______
zero (0) cm H2O
Work of breathing is increased by this factor:
an increase in the alveolar surface tension
Law of gases which states that solubility of a gas in a liquid state is proportional to the pressure of the gas in gas state
Henry’s Law
The type pneumocyte that is primarily involved in gas diffusion is
Type I
Lung diffusion capacity is directly proportional with all of the following:
alveolar number, pressure gradient, surface area
The _____ cells are considered as alveolar macrophages
DUST CELLS
Alveolar collapse, work of breathing, surface tension will be decreased by
surfactants
The amount of air remaining in the lung after quite expiration
functional residual capacity
The relationship between surface tension and alveolar radius is BEST described by what law?
Laplace’s Law
In spirometry, ________ is also known as the “resting volume”
functional residual capacity
It is the volume of gas that can be expired by forceful expiration after a normal tidal expiration:
expiratory reserve volume
True or False: Increased work of breathing is observed in an increase of lung compliance.
TRUE
The total volume of exhaled air, from maximal inspiration to a maximal exhalation is called ______
Vital capacity
Adequate blood flow but with poor ventilation is termed as _________
shunting ( passage of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left without participation in gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries)
This transport mechanism is responsible for the movement of gases across the respiratory membrane
Simple diffusion
