Outcome 17 Trauma Flashcards
1
Q
3 causes of trauma
A
- accidental
- self-inflicted
- violence
2
Q
4 major types of trauma
A
- open
- assault
- thermal
- psychological
3
Q
type of child abuse most commonly observed
A
physical abuse due to injuries
4
Q
2 types of issues considered neglect
A
- not providing food or shelter
2. leaving young children unattended
5
Q
potential causes of child abuse/neglect
A
- emotional maturity of the abuser
- stress due to economic, social, or employment difficulties
- poor parenting skills
- history of abuse in the perpetrator
- unrealistic expectation of the child
- limitations of a physically or mentally challenged child
6
Q
3 symptoms in combination that indicate a shaken infant syndrome (SIS) diagnosis
A
- subdural hematoma
- cerebral edema
- retinal hemorrhage
7
Q
caused by repeated rapid shaking of an infant due to caregiver irritation
A
shaken infant syndrome (SIS)
8
Q
shaken infant syndrome (SIS) can also be due to ____ and catching them
A
tossing a baby into the air
9
Q
shaken infant syndrome (SIS) can also occur due to jostling a baby in a ____ as the caregiver jogs or runs
A
back pack
10
Q
7 types of actions considered as elder abuse
A
- physical abuse
- self-neglect
- verbal abuse
- psychological abuse
- abandonment
- violation of personal rights
- financial abuse
11
Q
two forms of psychological or verbal use
A
- active
2. passive
12
Q
psychological or verbal use is hard to diagnose because there is no ____ evidence
A
physical
13
Q
4 contributing factors of intimate partner violence (IPV)
A
- stress
- alcohol
- cultural and societal values that make wives “property”
- expectation of submission
14
Q
5 causes of sexual abuse
A
- domination
- control
- power issues
- history of sexual abuse in the perpetrator
- sociopathic approach to society and its norms
15
Q
t or f: rape/sexual assault are crimes of violence and domination, not a sexual act
A
t
16
Q
rape/sexual assault includes these
A
- date rape
- acquaintance rape
- spousal rape
- violent act by an unknown assailant
17
Q
cause of an abrasion
A
friction
18
Q
3 types of avulsion
A
- partial
- degloving injury
- amputation
19
Q
avulsion where avulsed tissue is still partially attached
A
partial avulsion
20
Q
avulsion where the full thickness of skin is peeled away from the body such as the hand or foot
A
degloving injury
21
Q
avulsion where a limb or appendage is completely severed
A
amputation
22
Q
usual cause of an avulsion
A
entanglement in machinery, clothing, or some other means of entrapment
23
Q
body parts most often involved in crush injuries
A
- fingers
- hand
- toe
- foot
24
Q
it is important that underlying structures and tissues are inspected thoroughly with a puncture wound because ____ is often ____
A
bleeding; minimal
25
silent STD that often has no symptoms and unknowingly sexually transmitted
chlamydia
26
in chlamydia, high percentage of ___ have no symptoms before dangerous complications start
women
27
infection of the genitourinary tract
gonorrhea
28
symptoms of gonorrhea in males
purulent discharge
29
symptoms of gonorrhea in females
purulent discharge
| dysuria
30
protozoal infection of lower genitourinary tract
trichomoniasis
31
trichomoniasis affects the ___ in women and ___ in men
vagina; urethra
32
incurable, recurrent infection of skin of genital area, with ulcerations spread by direct skin to skin contact causing painful genital sores
genital herpes
33
genital infection that causes raised cauliflower-like growths in or near the vagina, rectum or along the penis
condylomata acuminata/genital warts
34
chronic, systemic STD; presence of painless but highly contagious local lesions called chancre on the genitalia
syphilis
35
soft chancre
chancroid
36
bacterial infection of genitalia causing necrotizing ulceration and lymphadenopathy
chancroid
37
physical, psychological, sexual injury to a child
child abuse
38
considered a form of child abuse
neglect
39
signs of psychological abuse is evident in ___ of the child
actions
40
sexual abuse is discovered ___ when complaints by child of discomfort in genital region
collaterally
41
injuries incurred by infant who has been shaken forcibly enough to cause intracerebral bleeding with resulting closed head injury
shaken infant syndrome (SIS)
42
another term for shaken infant syndrome (SIS)
shaken baby syndrome (SBS)
43
intentional and systematic diminishment of another's self worth or self esteem
psychological or verbal abuse
44
most frequent victims of psychological or verbal abuse
children
45
threatened or actual phsyical abuse; pattern of behavior where victim is repeatedly physically assaulted by partner
intimate partner violence (IPV)
46
3 other terms for intimate partner violence
1. domestic abuse
2. spousal abuse
3. battered spouse syndrome
47
any form of nonconsensual sexual contact or activity
sexual abuse
48
intercourse forced on victim against his or her will
rape/sexual assault
49
outer layer of skin scraped away exposing deeper layer of skin
abrasions
50
4 other terms for abrasions
1. friction burns
2. floor burns
3. rug burns
4. road rash
51
portion of skin and possibly underlying tissue torn away either partially or completely
avulsion
52
occurs when part of body is compressed with extreme force between two surfaces
crushing injuries
53
4 most common body parts affected by crushing injuries
1. fingers
2. hands
3. toes
4. feet
54
result of pointed or sharp foreign body penetrating soft tissue
puncture wounds
55
t or f. puncture wounds usually cause pain and very little bleeding
t
56
foreign body which caused injury that is protruding out of the wound
puncture wounds
57
sharp object cuts skin and possibly underlying soft tissue
laceration
58
laceration vs incision
laceration: jagged edges
incision: smooth edges
59
anything entering a portion of body where it does not belong is considered ___
foreign body
60
4 common bodies in ear
1. bugs
2. putting things in ear
3. vegetative foreign bodies
4. cotton from cotton swabs
61
3 treatments for foreign bodies in ear
1. forceps removal
2. gentle sunctioning
3. washing or syringing ear
62
live bugs in ear may crawl out because of __
light
63
objects in eye that would normally not be found in the eye
foreign bodies in eye
64
treatment for foreign body in eye: gentle ___ with normal ___ to flush
irrigation; saline
65
another treatment for foreign body in eye is ___ used when foreign body is embedded in eye
eye spud
66
any object or foreign material causing obstruction in nares
foreign bodies in nose
67
children have tendency to insert foreign bodies in ___
nose
68
result of thermal insults to to tissue
burns
69
thermal insults can be caused by either ___ or ___ such as burns or frostbite
hot; cold
70
burns are caused by exposure of skin to these 8 factors
1. flame
2. dry heat
3. liquid scalds
4. burns
5. radiation
6. chemicals
7. sun
8. electricity
71
assessment tool used to quickly calculate the percent of skin surface area burned
rule of nines
72
3 treatment options for burns
1. surgically
2. debridement
3. skin grafts
73
injury resulting from exposure to or contact with electricity
electrical shock
74
major concern with electrical shock
development of cardiac dysrhythmias
75
in electrical shock, the current follows this path through body
path of least resistance
76
current usually follows along ___ routes
nerve
77
injury occurring when individual is struck directly or indirectly (splash effect) by lightning
lightning injuries
78
lightning can strike in these 5 different ways
1. direct strike
2. contact strike
3. side flash
4. stride potential
5. ground current
79
lightning strike directly by lightning discharge
direct strike
80
lightning strikes object contacted, causing transfer of energy
contact strike
81
lightning strikes object, travels a certain distance and "jumps" through the air and strikes person
side flash
82
lightning strike current enters one leg and exits out the other
stride potential
83
lightening hits ground and travels to person by way of ground
ground current
84
when body temperature is much higher than normal body temp of 98.6 Fahrenheit
extreme heat
85
extreme heat includes these 2 conditions
1. heat exhaustion
| 2. heat stroke
86
another term for extreme heat
hyperthermia
87
body's heat regulating system is unable to cope with severe heat; more serious hyperthermia condition
heat stroke
88
in heat stroke, the individual stops ____
sweating
89
body temp in heat stroke
105 F or 40.5 C
90
results from salt or water depletion; less serious hyperthermia condition but can progress if untreated
heat exhaustion
91
generalized cooling of the body where core temp drops below 95F or 35C
extreme cold
92
another term for extreme cold
hypothermia
93
3 causes for hypothermia
1. other cause
2. cold water
3. cold winds and environment
94
frozen or extremely cold tissue, usually on face, ears fingers and toes
frostbite
95
frostbite causes affected skin to become ___
white or ashen
96
person affected does not realize frostbite is happening due to ___ as tissue freezes
nerve loss
97
never be done to treat frost bite
rubbing skin area
98
patients with frostbite should never be given ___
alcohol
99
bite or sting from any insect or arthropod, which may involve injection of venom
insect bites
100
3 types of insect bites that require immediate medical attention
1. scorpions
2. black widows
3. brown recluse spider
101
to treat insect bites, remove stinger by scraping across site of sting with ____ or ____
plastic card; fingernail
102
use of forceps/tweezers to remove sting in insect bites may squeeze more ___ into site
venom
103
severe systemic infection that does not transmit from person to person
rocky mountain spotted fever/tick bite
104
rocky mountain spotted fever/tick bite is more commonly called ___ in the US
rickettsial disease
105
symptom of rocky mountain spotted fever/tick bite
small hemorrhage appear under skin
106
rash occuring in rocky mountain spotted fever/tick bite
maculopapular rash
107
rocky mountain spotted fever/tick bite causative organism in bloodstream
Rickettsia Rickettsii
108
Rickettsia Rickettsii gets into blood stream due to ____
prolonged wood tick bite
109
malaria is a severe generalized infection caused by bite of ____ infected with ____
Anopheles mosquito; Plasmodium protozoa
110
3 elements in the cycle of symptoms in malaria
1. chills
2. fever
3. sweats
111
symptoms of malaria last __ weeks
1-4
112
antimalarial drug given orally
chloroquine
113
source may be human, pet, wild animal
animal bites/human bites
114
treat animal/human bites by ____ to remove bacteria and contaminations
cleanse wound
115
animal/human bites may be treated by ___ surgery in some cases
plastic surgery
116
animal bites are treated with ___ if not possible to determine whether animal is rabid
rabies injections
117
penetrating tissue wound made by fangs or teeth of a snake
snakebites
118
4 poisonous rattlesnakes
1. rattlesnakes
2. copperheads
3. water moccasins
4. coral snakes
119
drug to treat snakebites
antivenin
120
when bitten by snake, ___ should not be applied
cold
121
when bitten by snake, would should not be ___
cut
122
when bitten by snake, ____ or ___ should not be applied
tourniquets; electrical shock
123
entrapment and compression of median nerve in the carpal tunnel causing pain and numbness in wrist, hands and fingers
carpal tunnel syndrome
124
2 diagnostic tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
1. median nerve percussion
| 2. phalen wrist flexor
125
carpal tunnel syndrome test where examiner taps his/her finger along the inside of affected wrist
median nerve percussion test
126
sign revealed in a median nerve percussion test
Tinel sign
127
carpal tunnel syndrome test where patient presses backs of hands together to bend wrist as far down as possible without applying force
phalen wrist flexor test
128
inflammatory condition of tissue at the distal portion of humerus
tennis elbow
129
medical term for tennis elbow
lateral humeral epicondylitis
130
5 treatment options for tennis elbow
1. stop repetitive tasks
2. rest
3. wearing brace
4. ice packs
5. steroid injections
131
drug family used to treat tennis elbow
NSAIDs
132
index finger has lump or know appearing on flexor tendon
trigger finger
133
medical term for trigger finger
stenosing tenosynovitis
134
compression of brachial plexus nerves
thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)
135
another term for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)
brachial plexus injury
136
thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is caused by repetitive tasks causing ____ of arms
continual hyperabduction
137
thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is also caused by continuous dropping of these 4 body parts
1. cervical rib
2. fibrous band
3. shoulder girdle
4. fibrous band that develops around the nerve plexus
138
inflammation of tendon usually caused by insult or injury to tendon
tendinitis/tendonitis
139
tendinitis/tendonitis is often associated with these 2 conditions
1. calcium deposits and/or
| 2. bursa around tendon
140
in frozen shoulder, adhesions are released ____
surgically
141
3 causes of trauma
1. accidental
2. self-inflicted
3. violence
142
4 major types of trauma
1. open
2. assault
3. thermal
4. psychological
