Outcome 14 Disorders of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards
consistent inability to maintain or achieve penile erection
erectile dysfunction/impotence
5 causes of erectile dysfunction/impotence
- psychological basis
- chronic fatigue/stress
- medical conditions affecting blood vessels
- neurological damage
- medications/alcohol/recreational activity
3 treatments for chronic impotence
- penile implants
- external vacuum devices
- penile injection therapy (taught to self-inject)
- viagra/levitra/cialis
involuntary inability to conceive
male infertility
male infertility is caused by insufficient ___ or ___ of sperm
number; motility
male infertility is also caused by presence of ___, other infections or blockage
STDs
male infertility is also caused by ____ abnormalities, ___ diseases and ___ disorders
structural; genetic; endocrine
condition that can cause male infertility
varicocele
male infertility is also caused by injuries that affect the ___ and ___
blood; nerve supply
male infertility is also caused by ___ and ___ exposure
radiation; pollutants
male infertility can also be caused by chronic ___ and ___ imbalance
stress; hormonal
treatment for male infertility includes ___ history with special attention to childhood disease and thorough physical exam to rule out ___ and ___ disorders
medical; genetic; endocrine
male infertility is diagnosed with ___ analysis
semen
2 procedures to solve male infertility
- intrauterine insemination (IUI)
2. in vitro fertilization (IVF)
inflammation of the epididymis, the excretory duct of the testicles
epididymitis
epididymitis is caused most commonly by these 2 STIs
- gonorrhea
2. chlamydia
4 conditions that can cause epididymitis
- UTI
- prostatis
- TB
- mumps
epididymitis is also caused by ___ complications
prostatectomy
epididymitis can also be caused by prolonged use of ___
indwelling catheter
diagnostic sign of epididymitis
Prehn’s sign
sign of epididymitis: relief of pain when testicle is elevated
Prehns
untreated or incompletely treated epididymitis can result in ___
sterility
infection of the testes
orchitis
acute epididymitis infection is frequently associated with this infection
STI
4 causes of orchitis
- mumps
- viral infection
- bacterial infection
- injury
if both testicles are affected with epididymitis, this can lead to ___
sterility
condition where one testicle is twisted out of its normal position
torsion of the testicle
torsion of the testicle is treated by gentle manipulation to untwist the testicle, followed by ___ to prevent recurrence
orchiopexy
t or f. orchiopexy must be performed ASAP on patients with torsion of the testicle to prevent permanent damage
t
veins of one of the testicles become abnormally distended, causing swelling around the testicle that expands within the scrotal sac
varicocele
varicocele is caused by incompetent ____
venous valves
in varicocele, surgery would be done to remove ___ veins if ___ is affected
distended; fertility
acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
prostatitis is usually caused by ___ infections but not always known
bacterial/non bacterial
drug to treat acute prostatitis
fluoroquinolone
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is also called ___
benign prostatic hypertrophy
nonmalignant, non inflammatory hypertrophy of the prostate gland
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in men over the age of __
50
3 common symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- difficulty starting urination
- weak urinary system
- inability to empty bladder
surgical procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
TURP (transurethral resection of prostate)
malignancy of prostate gland
prostate cancer
3 major risk factors for prostate cancer
- ethnicity (African Americans)
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene
- diet high in animal fats
name and staging system for prostate cancer
gleason
surgical procedure for prostate cancer
radical prostatectomy
2 therapies for prostate cancer
- brachytherapy
2. hormone therapy
hormone therapy for prostate cancer includes ___ and ___
- orchiectomy
2. hormone agonists or antagonists
cancer of the testicle
testicular cancer
testicular cancer is most common between ages __ and __
15 and 45
condition risk factor for testicular cancer, even when surgically corrected
cryptorchidism
another risk factor for testicular cancer is previous ____ tumor elsewhere
germ cell
a risk factor (instead of outcome) for testicular cancer
infertility
2 syndromes that are risk factors for testicular cancer
- down syndrome
2. klinefelter’s syndrome
can cure up to 80% of testicular cancer patients
chemotherapy
procedure for testicular cancer
surgical resection