Outcome 10 Neurology Flashcards
Brain is damaged by a sudden disruption in the flow of blood to a part of the brain
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
CVAs are also called _____ or _____
stroke or brain attack
3 types of vascular disorders causing CVA
- Occlusion by an atheroma
- Sudden obstruction by an embolus
- Cerebral bleed/hemorrhage
Symptoms of CVA
Severe headache, aphasia, dysplasia, sudden weakness, numbness or paralysis, confusion or impaired consciousness, drooping of one side of eyelid and mouth, vision difficulties, sudden dizziness, loss of balance and coordination
T or F. CVA needs immediate intervention to limit brain damage.
T
2 families of drugs to treat CVA
- Anticoagulants like Warfarin and Coumadin
2. Thrombolytic agents like aspirin or heparin (Iv)
Temporary episodes of impaired neurologic functioning caused by an inadequate flow of blood to a portion of the brain.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
TIAs are also called ____ or ____
“little strokes” or “mini strokes”
TIAs have a duration of less than ___ hours
24
TIAs are caused by a piece of plaque formed by ______
atherosclerosis
The plaque in TIA breaks away from a wall of an artery or heart valve and travels to the brain, which is known as an ____
emboli
Another cause for TIA are _______ from an arterial ulcer.
platelet fibrin emboli
Treatment for TIA depends on the _____ of the attack.
location
T or F. Anticoagulants are used during the episode to lessen the frequency or chance of TIA recurrences.
T
Chew _____ as symptoms appear in TIA
aspirin
Usually results in brain injury that can range from mild to life-threatening or fatal
head trauma
Collection or mass of blood forms between the skull and the dura mater
epidural hematoma
Epidural hematoma affects the area between the ____ and the ____, the outer most of the 3 meningeal layers
skull and the dura mater
In epidural hematoma, symptoms appear a few hours after ______
head trauma
Epidural hematoma symptoms include sudden headache, dilated pupils, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and _____
hemiparesis
In epidural hematoma, blood from ______ seeps into and around the meningeal layers due to head trauma
ruptured vessels
In both subdural and epidural hematoma, sudden _____ and _____ causes brain to strike the skull
acceleration and deceleration
2 surgical interventions for subdural/epidural hematoma
- craniotomy
2. cranial trephination or burr hole
Craniotomy and trephination are procedures done to remove ______ and to cauterize ______ if increasing intracranial pressure becomes life threatening
accumulated blood; the bleeding vessel