Other Questions Flashcards
MEA
obstacle clearance in mountainous and non mountinous terrain
- Minimum enroute Altitude: lowest altitude that ensures obstacle clearance and navigation signal.
2,000’ above the highest obstacle with 4nm from the course to be flown in mountainous terrain or 1,000’ above the highest obstacle with 4nm from the course to be flown in NON-Mountainous terrain
MOCA
- Minimum obstacle clearance with navigational coverage within 22nm
MRA
- Minimum Reception Altitude
MAA
- Maximum Authorized Altitude
MORA
Does not guarantee
- Minimum off route Altitude. 2,000’ above the highest obstacle in mountainous terrain or 1,000’in NON-Mountainous terrain.
- Does NOT guarantee navigational coverage, radar, or communication
OROCA
Does not guarntee
- Off route obstruction clearance altitude. 2,000’ above the highest obstacle in mountainous terrain or 1,000’ above the highest obstacle in NON-Mountainous terrain
. - Does NOT guarantee navigational coverage, radar, or communication
MTA
- Minimum turning altitude
MCA
- Minimum crossing altitude
MIA
- Minimum IFR altitude for standard instrument approach procedures
MVA
- Minimum vectoring altitude - 2,000’ above the highest obstacle wi in mountainous terrain or 1,000’ above the highest obstacle NON-Mountainous terrain.
MSA
- Minimum Sector Altitude assure a minimum of 1,000’ clearance within 25nm
Types of Departure procedures
- Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP)
o Provide obstacle clearance via the most expeditious route from the terminal area to the enroute area
o May be flown WITHOUT an ATC clearance unless DP is assigned by ATC - Standard Instrument Departure (SID)
o Provide obstacle clearance from the terminal area to the enroute area
o Reduce pilot controller workload
o Must receive ATC clearance
What is CRM
- A tool used to increase safety by which the crew manages all available resources inside and outside of the FD
What is TEM
Threats are ____
Errors are _____
Unmanaged errors lead to ____
How can we reduce Threats and errors
- Threat Error Management is a tool used to increase safety by the crew by recognizing and managing threats and errors.
- Threats are outside the cockpit
- Errors are inside the cockpit
- Unmanaged or mismanaged errors lead to undesired states or reduction in safety, i.e. un-stabilized approach
o Reduce Threats and errors with briefings(wx, app) SOPs, checklist
When looking at a Dispatch/release/flight plan/flight paperwork what are you looking for
- FAR 121.687/.689
- Company Name, Flight number, Date
- Crew names and positions
o Designated PIC - Aircraft Make, Model and Tail number
- Type of Operations
o E.g. IFR, VFR - Airports: Departure, Intermediate, Destination and Alternate: Takeoff, ETOPS, Escape Route
- Route
o E.g. Oceanic, ETOPS, Escape routes - Minimum fuel supply
o Domestic, Flag, Supplemental, ETOPs - ETD, ETOPs and Escape Route Timings
- Current and Forecast weather for all airports listed
o Additional relevant weather reports and forecast
• Sig Prog, Winds Aloft, Radar, Satellite - Signed by the PIC and Dispatcher (Domestic/Flag)
What is the maximum flight time under FAR 117 with Pax
2 pilot crew
3 pilot crew
4 pilot crew
flight time be exceeded if due to _______
A report must be ________
- Max Flight time with min. pilot flight crew is 8-9 hours based on reporting time
- Max Flight time is 13 hours for a 3 pilot flight crew
- Max Flight time is 17 hours for a 4 pilot flight crew
o Flight time can be exceeded to land at destination or alternate due to unforeseen operational circumstances
• A report must be filed
What is the maximum duty period under Part 117 with pax
FAR 117
2 pilots
3 pilots
4 pilots
Augmented not more than _____ landings
Acclimated means in theater for ______
In theater means _____
If not acclimated duty is _________
Duty is based on _______
During Augmented crew IN-FLIGHT rest:
At all times at least _______________
PF during landing requires ____________
PM during landing requires ________
- Max Duty Period up to 14 hours is based on acclimated reporting time and number of landings
- Augmented: NOT more than 3 flight segments(landings), Max duty up to 17 hours for 3 pilots, 19 hours for 4 pilots and is based on acclimated reporting time and Class of rest facility
o Acclimated: in theater for 72 hours or has 36 hours of rest
o Theater: Departure and Arrival is within 60 deg. longitude
o If not acclimated
• Max duty is reduced by 30 min
• Duty is based on local time at the theater in which pilot is acclimated
o Augmented Crew inflight rest requirements
• At all times at least 1 pilot with an unrestricted ATP and type rating must be at the controls
• PF during landing requires 2 consecutive hours during the last half of the Duty Period
• PM during landing requires 90 consecutive minutes
Explain duty period extensions for under part 117 with Pax
FAR 117
Prior to departure PIC and Company can extend duty up to ____________ due to ___________
only ____ extension of more than _____ is allowed before _________
Extension __________ cumulative FDP
A ______ must be filed
After Departure duty period __________ due to _____________
Only 1 extension of __________
Extension can exceed ________
A ______ must be filed
- Duty Period extension PIROR to takeoff augmented/unaugmented
o PIC and Company can extend up to 2 hours due to unforeseen operational circumstances
o Only 1 extension of more than 30 min is allowed before starting rest
o Extension can NOT exceed cumulative flight duty period limits
o A report must be filed for an extension of more than 30 min - Duty Period extension AFTER takeoff augmented/unaugmented
o Duty period can be exceeded to land at destination or alternate due to unforeseen operational circumstances
o Only 1 extension of more than 30 min is allowed before starting rest
o Extension can exceed cumulative flight duty period limits
o A report must be filed for an extension of more than 30 min
Explain the Rest Requirements for passenger flights part 117
No assignment of _____ or ____ during rest
____ hours of rest, _____ uninterrupted hours of sleep________
Pilot shall notify company if ___________
At least one ______ consecutive hours of rest within ____ days
At least _____ hours if the pilot tavles more than ________ and is away from base for more than ___ days
FAR 117
- No assignment of reserve or duty during rest period
- 10 hours of rest, 8 uninterrupted hours for sleep, before beginning next duty
o pilot shall notify company if the 10 hours will not provide 8 hours of uninterrupted hours of sleep
- At least one 30 consecutive hours of rest within the last 7 days
- At least 56 hours if the pilot travels more than 60 deg longitude AND is away from base for more than 7 days
Explain the types of Reserve under part 117 with pax
FAR 117
Airport duty starts _______
Short Call max is _____ hours
Unaugmented can extend duty ____ hours up to ____
Augmented can extend duty up to ____ hours
Once reserve is finished crew must be given
Long Call is ____ hour notice
- Airport
o Duty period starts at time of check in - Short Call
o Max 14 hours
• Assigned an u-naugmented flight
• Extend duty period 4 hours up to 16 hours
• Assigned an augmented flight
• Extend duty period 4 hours
o Once reserve is finished, crew must be given rest - Long Call
o 12 hour notice
Max number of consecutive night flights under part 117 with Pax
__________ local time: window of circadian low
Split duty during circadian low counts towards ________
_____ nights
______ nights if at least ___ hours of rest are given ant ______ between _______ local time
FAR 117
- 0200 – 0559: window of circadian low
o split duty during circadian low counts towards maximum allowed night duties
- 3 nights
- 5 nights, if at least 2 hours of rest are given at a suitable accommodation between 2200-0500
Cumulative flight and duty Limitations under part 117 with Pax
____ flight hours in _____ days
______ flight hours in ____ days
_____ Duty hours in ____ days
_____ Duty hours in ____ days
- 100 flight hours in 28 days
- 1,000 flight hours in 365 days
- 60 duty hours in 7 days
- 190 duty hours in 28 days
Emergency extension of flight and duty time under part 117 with Pax
PIC shall determine _________ to safely fly to the _________ where they can be __________
Can not Exceed: \_\_\_\_\_ flight hours in \_\_\_\_\_ days \_\_\_\_\_ flight hours in \_\_\_\_\_ days \_\_\_\_\_ duty hours in \_\_\_\_ days \_\_\_\_\_ duty hours in \_\_\_\_\_ days
Rest period will be equal to which ever is less ________
A ______ must be filed for an ext. more than _______
- PIC shall determine the max Flight, Duty, and reserve time to safely fly to closest destination that they can be relived by another crew
- Can not exceed
o 100 flight hours in 28 days
o 1,000 flight hours in 365 days
o 60 duty hours in 7 days
o 190 duty hours in 28 days - Rest period will be equal to whichever is less: 24 hours or duty period
o A report must be filed for an extension of more than 30 min
Daily Flight Time Limitations Domestic Cargo
Time spent in transportation to/from the airport is _____________
Legal to start ___________ if circumstances are ________
1 _____ hour rest during _____ consecutive days
____ hours of rest for ___ hours of scheduled flight
Reduced rest to ____ hours if given ____hours within ____ hours
____ hours of rest for ___ hours of scheduled flight
Reduced rest to ____ hours if given ____hours within ____ hours
____ hours of rest for ___ hours of scheduled flight
Reduced rest to ____ hours if given ____hours within ____ hours
- 121.471
o Time spent in transportation to/from the airport is not considered rest
o Legal to start, legal to finish if circumstances are beyond the control of the company
o 1 – 24 hour rest during any 7 consecutive days - 9 hours of rest for less than 8 hour scheduled flight
o Reduced rest to 8 hours, if given 10 hours w/in 24 hours - 10 hours of rest for 8 to 9 hours of scheduled flight
o Reduced rest to 8 hours, if given 11 hours w/in 24 hours - 11 hours of rest for 9 or more hours of scheduled flight
o Reduced rest to 9 hours, if given 12 hours w/in 24 hours
Max total Flight time limitations Domestic Cargo
______ hours in a calendar year
_____ hours in a calendar month
______ hours in ____ days
_____ hours between rest periods
- 1,000 hours in a calendar year
- 100 hours in a calendar month
- 30 hours in 7 consecutive days
- 8 hours between required rest periods
Daily flight Time limitations Flag operations: 1 or 2 pilots
1 _____ hour rest during any ___ consecutive days
Scheduled ___ hours in ____ hours
Scheduled MORE than ______ in _____
Rest must be _____ the hours flown not less than ______
Must be given _____ hours before next duty
- 121.481
- 1- 24 hour rest during any 7 consecutive days
- Scheduled 8 hours in 24 hours
- Scheduled more than 8 hours in 24 hours
o Rest must be 2x the hours flown, not less than 8 hours
o Must be given 18 hours before next duty
Max total Flight time limitations Flag operations: 1 or 2 pilots
_____ hours in ______ month calendar month
______ hours in a calendar month
____ hours in ____ days
- 121.481
- 1,000 hours in a 12 calendar month period
- 100 hours in a calendar month
- 32 hours in 7 days
Daily flight Time limitations Flag operations: 2 pilots + 1 additional crewmember
1 ____ hour rest during ____ consecutive days
_______ is not considered rest
scheduled ____ hours in ___ hours
if the pilot has flown _____ or more hours in ______ hours or _____ hours in ____ hours
Must be given ____ hours of rest before the next duty
- 121.483
- 1- 24 hour rest during any 7 consecutive days
- Deadhead is not considered rest
- Scheduled 12 hours in 24 hours
- If pilot has flown 20 or more hours in 48 or 24 or more hours in 72
o Must be given 18 hours before the next duty
Max Total flight Time limitations Flag operations: 2 pilots + 1 additional crewmember
_______ hours in a ____ calendar month
______ hours in ____ days
______ in ______ days
- 483
- 1,000 hours in a 12 calendar month period
- 120 hours in 30 days
- 300 hours in 90 days
If flights are mixed under 121.483(2 pilots + 1 additional crewmember) and 121.485(3 or more pilots and an additional crewmember)
May not fly _____ hours in ____ days
Decrease of monthly and quarterly maximum flight time limitations are made for scheduled duty aloft for more than ______ hours or for more than ____ interruption in that calendar month
- 121.487: Flight limitations for pilots not regular assigned
- Pilots not scheduled for an entire month under 121.483 or 121.485 may not fly more than 100 hours in 30 days
- Decrease of monthly and quarterly maximum flight time limitation are made for scheduled duty aloft for more than 20 hours or for more than one interruption in that calendar month