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NAT Flashcards

1
Q

ACARS

A

– Aircraft communication, addressing and reporting system

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2
Q

ADS-B

A

– Automatic dependent surveillance Broadcast

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3
Q

ADS-C

A

– Automatic dependent surveillance Contract: Sends location via satellite

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4
Q

CPDLC

A

– Controller Pilot data link

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5
Q

DLM

DLM requires

A

– Data link mandate

  • FANS1/a or equivalent, CPDLC and ADS-C
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6
Q

FIR
UFIR
UTA

A

– Flight Information Region

  • Upper Flight Information Region
  • Upper control area
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7
Q

FANS

A

– Future aviation navigation system

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8
Q

HLA

A

– High-level airspace

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9
Q

LRNs

A

– Long Range navigation systems

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10
Q

MNSPA

A
  • Minimum Navigation specification airspace
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11
Q

NAT

A

– North Atlantic Tracks

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12
Q

OTS

A

– organized track system

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13
Q

PACOTS

A

– Pacific Organized Track System

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14
Q

PBCS

A

– performance based communication and surveillance

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15
Q

RlatSm

Required equipment

A

– Reduced lateral separation minimum

  • RNP 4, CPDLC, ADS-C
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16
Q

RlongSm

A

– Reduced longitudinal separation minimum

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17
Q

Pacific Organized Track System Requires RNP _____

spaced _____ laterally and below FL 180 ____ laterally

Peak Hours
East
West

Min speed

A
  • RNP 10
  • 25 nm laterally
    _ below FL180 - 50nm
  • 10 min in trail, 15 min in Anchorage

E: 0700-2100
W: 1200 - 1900 + 2200-0800

M0.78

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18
Q

Weather Deviation in PACOTS

A
  • Standard
    o at 10nm
    • North Descent 300’
    • South Climb 300’
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19
Q

Rapid Descent, Turn Back, Diversion in PACOTS

Offset in Indian Ocean

Offset in ME

A
  • Turn 45 deg lt/rt to offset 15nm
  • Minimize descent until 10nm if possible
  • Climb above FL410 or Descent Below FL290
    o Above FL410 offset by 1,000’
    o Below FL410 offset by 500’

15nm

25nm

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20
Q

What are the North Atlantic Tracks

A

– is multi level super highway over the Atlantic Ocean with no radar

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21
Q

Airspace Above and below FL 550 in the NAT

A

Airspace Above FL 550: Class A

Airspace Below FL550: Class G

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22
Q

NAT HLA airspace extends

A
  • FL285 to FL420
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23
Q

Traffic in the NAT HLA is spaced

May be reduced to _____ when:

Reduced to ______ lateral spacing in NAT HLA between FL____ and FL ____

Reduced separation requirements _____

A
  • 60NM or 1 deg of latitude horizontally,
    vertically by 1,000 ft below FL 410, and 10 min in trail
  • May be reduced to 5 min when:
    o Aircraft ahead is faster
    o Climbing or descending near waypoints

o Reduced to (23NM)30nm(New York East) or ½ deg of latitude and 50nm/30nm or 5 min with operator approval between FL350 – FL390

• Requires: PBN 4, FANS, CPDLC, ADS-C, RCP 240 or 180

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24
Q

NAT HLA requires

A
  • TCAS
  • CPDLC and ADS-C
  • Op specs for RVSM and MNPS
25
Q

RSVM minimum equipment

A 
-	2 altimeters 
           within 200'
-	A/P with hold mode
-	Altitude Alerter
-	Mode S transponder
26
Q

RNP 10 required equipment

A
  • 2 LRNs

o INS or IRS or GPS

27
Q

RNP 4 is required when

RNP 4 equipment requirement:

A
  • Required in airspace with 30nm or less longitudinal separation
  • At least 2 LRNs and:
    eg - GPS + IRS
    o FMS
    o MCDU
    o ND
28
Q

Types of North Atlantic Routes

Routes depends on ____________

A

o Special routes: Blue spruce routes
o OTS: Organized Track System
o Random Routes

  • Depend on operator approval, crew training and aircraft capabilities
29
Q

what does the Special Route /Blue Spruce Route require

Requires the ______________

Route keeps aircraft __________

A

o 1 LRNs + VOR or DME or ADF

  • Requires the least equipment

o Route keeps aircraft in range of land based navigation

30
Q

What is the OTS – Organized Track System

OTS is the _________

Established on ________

Based on _______

Number of tracks and _______________

Must pass _____________________

Times of Tracks can be found ___________

Plan for extra _________________

A
  • Minimum Time Route
  • Established on a daily basis
    o Based on wind, wx patterns and preferred routes from operators
    o Number of tracks and levels are based on expected traffic
  • Must pass 30 deg West by the end of the allowed timing
    o Times can be found on TMI
  • Plan for extra fuel due to re-routes or non optimal levels
31
Q

Explain the West OTS

Tracks avoid _________

A
  • cross 30W: from Morning 1130 - 1900
  • Tracks labeled A, B, C,…..
    o A is the most northern route
  • Tracks will avoid H.W. as much as possible
32
Q

Explain the East OTS

Tracks Take advantage of _______

A
  • cross 30 W: Evening time 0100-0800
  • Tracks Z, Y, X,……
    o Z is the most southern Route
  • Tracks take advantage of TW
33
Q

Plan Random Routes using __________ every ____

Sometimes a more ________ or _____ is available

A
  • Plan using whole Latitudes and Longitudes
    o Every 10 deg of Longitude
  • Sometimes a more direct or higher level is available
34
Q

Prior to a NAT Flight what do you need to check

A
  • Crew qualified
  • Company qualified
  • Aircraft qualified
    o MEL
  • Clock/time check
    o Altimeter check
    o HF check
    • Not while refueling
  • North Atlantic Track Message(TMI)
    o Where and what tracks are being used
    o Times
    o Additional requirements
35
Q

When do you request Oceanic clearance

Airborne

On the ground

Verify ________ against__________

Do not enter _____________________
Other NAT OCA ___________________

A
  • Airborne
    o Apporx. 40 min before entry
  • Coastal Airport
    o Request on the ground
    • Approx. 40 min before departure
  • Verify clearance against flight plan and plotting chart
  • Do Not enter Shanwick without clearance
    o Other NAT OCA allow a delayed clearance
36
Q

Information needed to request Oceanic clearance

A
  • Entry point + ETA, Track, TMI, FL, Mach

- __________Oceanic, Giant 1 request Oceanic clearance, ________Entry point ________Eta, request M_______, FL________

37
Q

When the Oceanic clearance differs from Flight plan

A
  • Enter and verify into the FMS
  • Advise Dispatch
  • Check new flight plan
    o Waypoints
    o Fuel
    o ENT, EXT, ETP1
    o Alternate airports
  • Plot new route on chart
38
Q

30 min After Entering Oceanic Airspace

A
  • squawk 2000
39
Q

What information is need for a position report

What are the Primary Messages to ATC in Oceanic Airspace

A

o “Position”, Call Sign, Transmitting on 8849, Current waypoint(Present Position) at time, FL, next waypoint + ETA, following waypoint, Next higher FL or MET or Company message

  • “Position” Report
    o 10 deg. of longitude
    o 20 deg. above 70N
  • “Revised ETA”
    o Immediately report Mach changes
    o When ETA changes by 2 min or more
  • “Revised Clearance”
    o Route or Speed
  • “When able higher”
  • Report when reaching new level

o Weather conditions
• Icing
• Turbulence

40
Q

Jeppessen Plotting Chart is a ___________

Where is the Prime Meriden

Lines of Longitude run

1 deg of Long = _________

Lines of Latitude run __________

1 deg of Lat =

38.5 = __________

Plotted lines are _________________

A

o Lambert conformal chart

• Prime Meriden in Greenwich, England

  • Lines of Longitude
  • E/W

• 1 deg of longitude = 60nm at equator

  • Latitude
  • N/S
  • 1 deg of latitude = 60nm
  • 38.5 = 38 minutes and 30 seconds
  • plotted lines are great circle routes which requires constant heading change
41
Q

Plot ___________ during Oceanic Crossings

Verify plotted waypoint ______________

Use mid-meridian ___________

Use a meridian to _____________
1 deg of lat = __________

Monitor progress by plotting__________

________ waypoints afer __________________
_________ waypoints when __________
___________ when ________ waypoints

When passing waypoints record _______

Gross Error is define as _____________

A
  • Plot All Organized Tracks

o Verify plotted waypoint initial course vs FMS

o Use mid-meridian of plotted track to determine rhumb line course

o Use a meridian to set divider distance
• 1 deg. of latitude = 60nm

  • Monitor progress by plotting every 10 min or 2 deg. of longitude
  • Waypoints
    o O, Circle waypoints after receiving Oceanic Clearance and waypoints have been verified by both pilots
    o /, slash next waypoint when verified
    o X, slash passing waypoint

• Record FOB and Time

42
Q

What is SLOP

_____ to ____ nm ___________

________ require ATC_______________

When Parallel routes are more than _________ up to ______

When Parallel routes are more than ______ but less than _________

SLOP is NA when tracks are less than _____ expect in NAT

SLOP helps prevent: _________

A
  • Strategic Lateral Offset
    o Either 1nm or 2nm right of course

• Does not require ATC if SLOP is authorized

  • When parallel routes are MORE than 23nm apart
  • Up to 2nm RIGHT
  • When parallel routes are MORE than 6nm and LESS than 23nm apart
  • In tenths of a nm up to 0.5nm

30NM, NAT

o Mitigate mid air collisions
• Altitude bust due to turbulence
• Wake turbulence avoidance

43
Q

What is the procedure if HF fails

A
  • Check MEL
  • Check requirements for entry into NAT HLA
    o If unable to enter due to equipment failure than coordinate with ATC, if fuel is sufficient:
    • Fly below NAT HLA
    • Blue Spruce route
44
Q

Lost Comms before receiving oceanic receiving Clearance

A
  • Squawk 7600
  • VMC
    o Land without entering Oceanic Airspace
  • IMC
    o Continue on flight plane route, FL, and Mach
45
Q

Lost Comms After receiving oceanic clearance

DO NOT _______

A
  • Squawk 7600
  • Fly cleared route, FL, Mach
    o DO NOT STEP CLIMB
46
Q

Loss of Comms after revised routing received

A

7600

  • Follow route to oceanic exit point
  • Direct to the next most significant point on planned route
  • Continue with lost comm for specific region
47
Q

Lost Comm in Irish Airspace

A
  • Divert to Shannon airport
48
Q

What is the Procedure if the Nav Fails

on the Ground

Prior to Entry

After Entry

1 nav Fail with a triple system

Single Nav Available

Total Nav Failure

A
  • Check MEL/QRH
  • Check requirements for NAT HLA

o Prior to Entry
• Change Alt below FL285 or above FL410
• Change to Blue Spruce route

o	After entry
•	Lights on
•	Coordinate with ATC
•	Notify other traffic on 121.5/123.45
•	Monitor TCAS

1 nav fail with triple system
- Cont with 2 systems

•	Single Nav available
o	Continue as cleared
o	Change Alt below FL285 or above FL410
o	Turn Back
o	Blue Spruce Route
•	Total Nav Failure
o	Continue as cleared 
o	Dead reckoning
- Obtain Lat/Long from IRS
o	Verify position on plotting chart
o	Fly heading and time to next waypoint
o	Ask other aircraft
•	GS, Wind details, Drift
•	Follow another aircraft on the same route
•	Consider to offset by 500 feet
49
Q

Contingency Procedure: Medical, Engine Failure, Rapid De-Pressurization in NAT

180 deg turn back are _________

A
  • Contact ATC
  • If unable
    o Turn on all Lights
    o Squawk 7700
    o 121.5/123.45
    • Call sign, FL, Route, Direction, Intention
    o Turn 30 deg. left or right
    • 180 deg turn back are not advised with RLongSM
    o Offset 5nm
    • Minimize rate of descent
    • If able to maintain and capt does not want to carry out large descent, once offset
    • Above FL410 offset by 1,000’
    • Below FL410 offset by 500’
    • If Unable to maintain alt. once offset
    • Descend below FL290
    • Offset by 500’
    • Divert according to the situation
    • Contact ATC
50
Q

Weather Deviation in NAT

A
  • Contact ATC
  • If unable to coordinate with ATC
    o Lights on
    o 121.5/123.45
    • Call sign, FL, Route, Direction, Intention
    o LESS than 5 miles
    • Keep the same level
    o MORE than 5 miles
    • When at 5nm
    • North Descent 300’
    • South Climb 300’
51
Q

On initial HF call state _____________

Maintain listening watch on HF unless _______

If HF fails

A

frequency

Selcall

use SATCOM or VHF and request a relay

52
Q

Altimeter must be within _______ ft and checked ______

A

200’

hourly

53
Q

TMI

TMI number relates to

A

Track Message Identification number

the day of the year

54
Q

In RVSM limit climb and descent FPM to _______-

A

1,000 FPM

55
Q

what is RCP

A

Radio Comm performance

56
Q

DCL

A

Data link Clearance

57
Q

what is OWAFS

If advised by ATC to resume normal speed

A

Operation without an assigned fixed speed

Advise ATC if speed changes by M0.02 or more from last assigned

58
Q

What is ASEPS

During trial separation is ______

Angel between tracks is less than 90deg

Angel between tracks is less than 45deg

A

Advanced surveillance enhanced procedure separation

During trial 19nm lateral separation

17nm

14nm

Atlas (16 decks)

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