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Atlas > ETOPS > Flashcards

ETOPS Flashcards

1
Q

ETOPS

EDTO

EROPS

applicable to operations over the water and ________

A
  • Extended Route Twin Engine Operations
  • Extended diversion time operations
  • Extended range operations regardless of number of engines

o Applicable to operations over water and land

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2
Q

Explain Part 121, 2 Engines ETOPS Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental

_____ min from an _______

ENT/EXT distance based on ___________

limited to _____

Can be extended up to _______

A
  • 2 Engines: 60 min from an adequate airport

o ENT/EXT distance based on EO cruise speed in standard conditions in still air

o Limited to 180 min

• Can be extended up 207 min(15% of 180) in North pacific area of operations

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3
Q

Explain Part 121, 3 or more Engines ETOPS Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental

_____ min from an _______

ENT/EXT distance based on ___________

limited to _____

Beyond _______ Distance to Alt is __________

Time can not exceed

3 or more engine cargo aircraft _______

A
  • 3 or more Engines with Passengers: 180 min from an adequate airport

o ENT/EXT distance based on EO cruise speed in standard conditions in still air

o Limited to 240 min from an adequate airport

  • Beyond 180 min
  • Distance to ETOPS Alt is based on OEI GS speed (Speed corrected wind and temperature)

• Time to Alt can NOT exceed the most time limited ETOPS significant system minus 15 min

  • 3 or more engines with ALL CARGO: exempt
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4
Q

Part 121 ETOPS beyond 180 min requires

ETOPS 207 min _________

A
  • SATCOM; another form of communication when SATCOM is unavailable
  • Passenger recovery plan/Passenger protection plan
  • FFS 4 and one adequate airport with FFS 7 within authorized diversion time

o ETOPS 207 min does not count as beyond 180 min

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5
Q

what is ER in the MEL

A
  • Abbreviation used in the MEL to indicate ETOPS
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6
Q

what is the ETOPS CMP

What does the CMP contain

A
  • Document stating the configuration, maintenance and procedures to meet ETOPS approval

o Contains minimum configuration, operating procedures, and Mx requirements, hardware life-limits and MMEL

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7
Q

what is ETOPS significant systems

A
  • A failure or malfunction of which could affect the safety of an ETOPS flight or ETOPS diversion. Made up of 2 Groups.
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8
Q

what is an ETOPS Adequate Airport

A
  • Airport available at time of use
  • Airplane Performance requirements are met
    o Runway length, PCN/ACN, Missed approach
  • Communication aids
  • ATC
  • Weather Reporting
  • Lighting
  • Naviaids
  • Emergency services(FFS)
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9
Q

An aircraft having an ACN ___________________

B737900 ACN ______

A

o An aircraft having an ACN equal to or less than the PCN can operate without weight restrictions on a pavement
o B737-900: ACN 63 worst case

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10
Q

Required FFS ETOPS up to 180 Min

A

o FFS 4 within 30 min

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11
Q

Required FFS ETOPS beyond 180 min

A

o FFS 4 within 30 min

o one adequate airport with FFS 7(within 30 min), within authorized diversion time

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12
Q

ETOPS planning

All __________ airports within __________

ETOPS time for weather planning __________ a _____________ landing can be made based on ______________

Once Enroute the wx at the alt must be ____

If approved for more than 180 ETOPS airport must_________

A
  • All adequate airports within authorized ETOPS diversion time are considered
  • From the earliest to the latest possible landing time the weather will above the planning minimum.
  • A safe landing can me made based on field condition reports
  • Once En-Route the weather at the ETOPS Alternates must be at or above operating minimum.
  • If approved for more than 180 min ETOPS
    o Airport must meet the public protection requirements
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13
Q

ETOPS Enroute

All ETOPS alternate airports must be _________

Wx must be ___________ before _________
if below _________

After enterin ETOPS if wx drops __________

A

o All ETOPS alternate airports must be reviewed before entering ETOPS

o Wx must be at or above the operating minimum, from the earliest time of arrival to the latest possible landing time,
o Before entering ETOPS
• If below
• Select new ETOPS Alt(s) within max diversion time and amend the flight plan with dispatch

o After entering ETOPS if weather drops below min or for any reason the airport is unusable
• Continue and select new ETOPS Alt airport(s)

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14
Q

an ETOPS En-Route Alternate Airport must be _______________ to be listed as an ALT

What is suitable _____

A
  • Is an airport that is Adequate, Suitable

o The field conditions indicate a safe landing can be made

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15
Q

ETOPS Entry/Exit points for 2 and 3 engine aircraft

at WY what speed was used to calculate the OEI still air distance?

At WY what was the distance for OEI?

A
  • 60/180 min. Distance is based on OEI cruising speed in still air and ISA from the last adequate airport.
  • 60 min(2 engines w/ IAS 310kt(WY)
    o 395nm(WY)
  • 180 min (3 Engines or more with Pax)
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16
Q

ETOPS ETP is when _______ based on ______

No wind ETP can be found by _____________

ETP = (_________)/(________)

ETP when ALT is off track is found by ________

A
  • Flying time between 2 suitable airport is the same
    o Based on current conditions: wind, temperature
  • NO wind ETP
    o Chord line of overlapping equal distance circles
  • ETP on straight line

o ETP = (Dist x GS IN)/ (GS out + GS in)

  • ETP when Alt is off track
    o Construct Isosceles triangle
    • Pythagorean Theorem: A^2 + B^2 = C^2

Look at notes for diagram

Step 1: Construct the perpendicular bisector MX of line AC. This cuts the track AB at the still air ETP (as AX=CX).
Step 2: Measure the distance AX and divide by the One-Engine Inoperative (OEI) TAS to give the still air time from X to A.
Step 3: Construct a wind vector YX of length in nm equal to Wind speed (kts) x the flight time from X to A (hrs)
Step 4: From Y draw a line parallel to XM. The point at which this crosses track AB is the wind corrected ETP between A and C.
Repeat the process for ETP for C to B

17
Q

Critical ETP is based on ________

ETOPS critical fuel Scenario is the ________

ETOPS CP is usually ________

ETOPS fuel scenario is applied _________

______ burns the most fuel

A
  • Critical ETP is based on ETOPS fuel requirements if a diversion as to be initiated from that point
  • ETOPS critical fuel scenario is the higher of the 3
  • Engine Fail
  • Decompression
  • Engine Fail + Decompression

o Usually last ETP, but NOT always

o ETOPS fuel scenario is applied to each ETP

o Decompression burns the most fuel

18
Q

ETOPS max diversion time

What are the possible ETOPS times

What time at WY
What Speed

A
  • Max diversion time at the approved OEI cruise speed used to determine area of operation

o 120, 180, 240 and beyond 240 min

o 120 min(WY)
o 0.79M/310kt(WY)

19
Q

ETOPS max diversion distance is the _________

Beyond 180 min ETOPS distance to __________

Time to ______ can NOT __________

A
  • Max distance covered in still air and standard conditions within max diversion time at the OEI speed and cruise altitude

• Beyond 180 min
• Distance to ETOPS Alt is based on OEI GS speed (Speed corrected wind and temperature
)
• Time to Alt can NOT exceed the most time limited ETOPS significant system minus 15 min

20
Q

ETOPS area of operation/ ETOPS Segment

A
  • From the ENT extending out to the max distance covered in still air and standard conditions within max diversion time at the OEI speed and cruise altitude
21
Q

OEI diversion speed determines ____________

OEI speed is ___________ and __________

A
  • Max ETOPS diversion distance/area of operation
  • Level off Alt to clear obstacles
  • fuel burn
  • OEI speed is selected by the operator and approved by the authority
22
Q

What is Aircraft Reference weight

A
  • Used to determine OEI level off altitude and fuel burn
23
Q

Define Dispatch

A
  • Aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off
24
Q

What are the Diversion Strategies and what is the purpose of each

A
  • Standard – max time, min fuel burn
    o Descent: Drift Down Speed at MCT
    o Cruise: LRC
    o Descent to Destination: Thrust idle, Normal Speed
  • Obstacle – clear obstacles
    o Descent: Drift Down Speed at MCT
    o Cruise: Maintain Drift Down Speed until Obstacle is cleared than;
    • LRC after Obstacle is cleared
    o Descent To Destination: Thrust idle, Normal Speed
  • Fixed Speed (ETOPS) – Max distance
    o Descent : OEI ETOPS SPEED: 0.79M/310Kts(WY) at MCT
    o Cruise: OEI ETOPS SPEED: 0.79M/310Kts(WY) at MCT
    • Check Max Alt
    o Descent to Destination: Thrust idle, Normal Speed
25
Q

What is the Performance Factor based on

A

Actual fuel consumption due to Airframe and engine deterioration

26
Q

what is an example of Time Limited Equipment

A

o Cargo Compartment Fire extinguishing system B737NG: 195 min

27
Q

does the APU need to be running during ETOPS

ETOPS a/c have a min of ________

A
  • Depends on airplane type certificate

o Min. of 3 independent non-time limited sources of power

28
Q

what is an APU in Flight Start Program

Can be started _________

A
  • Verify start and run capability
    o Successful start >96%
  • Can be started on return legs
  • Before top of descent
29
Q

When is the Fuel Crossfeed valve checked

A
  • If applicable, during the last hour
30
Q

What are the Flight crew procedures for Dispatch

A
  • MEL
  • ETOPS flight plan
  • Destination Alternate airport if required
  • ETOPS alternate
  • Critical Fuel vs Fuel on board
  • Ramp Fuel
31
Q

What is Flight crew procedures for Cockpit Prep

A 
-	Tech Log
o	MEL
-	A/C is certified for ETOPS
-	APU Gen
-	 Cross check FMS
o	Set and Confirm ENT,ETP, EXT points
32
Q

Throughout ETOPS monitor ______ and Keep ________ in mind

Before ENT_________
APU start attempts _________

After Passing ENT______

approaching ETP _______

After EXT _____

A

A/C Status, APU, Xfeed, Dispatch
Wx- Dispatch, Route
Alt - Brief
Fuel/Times - Dispatch

  • Monitor Fuel
    o Keep critical fuel scenario in mind
  • Before ENT
    o Review A/C systems
    • Advise Company of system malfunctions
    o Obtain Weather(FAR 121.631)
    • If below, advise Dispatch select a new ETOPS Alt
    o Check bearing and distance to Alternates
    o Brief Contingency Procedure
    o If required start APU
    • 2 start attempts are allowed in cruise with QRH(WY)
    • 3rd(last Attempt) on descent crossing FL250(WY)
    o Record Fuel and time, check fuel and time at next position
    o Pass ETOPS times to Dispatch

After passing ENT if wx is below min.s or for any reason the airport is unusable
• Continue and select new ETOPS Alt airport(s)
• Or take an Alternate Route, Turn Back, or Divert

  • Approaching ETP
    o Update the weather at Alternates
    o Check the bearing and distance to Alternates
    o Brief the Contingency Procedures
    o Record the Fuel and Time, check Fuel and Time at next
  • After EXT
    o Shutdown the APU
    o Pass the ETOPS Ext time to company
    o Report the Fuel on board passing the CP
    o Report A/C ETOPS status to dispatch
    o Crossfeed valve check during last hour of cruise(wy)
33
Q

what are the Flight crew procedures for inflight Contingency

Divert when?

Exit ETOPS and _________

A

Fly the Airplane

  • Divert:
    o QRH states “land at the nearest suitable airport”
  • Exit ETOPS and take NON-ETOPS route when:
    • Excess fuel consumption
    • APU fails to start(WY), If APU is required
    • Weather is below landing min before ENT

Atlas (16 decks)

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