Other Flashcards
When do you get 4 in 1 vaccine?
3-4 years
Treat hydronephrosis
Nephrostomy
Rheumatic heart disease acute vs chronic
ARCS
Angina drugs
BB CCB
Nitrates
Stable angina test
Coronary angio
Heart failure
ACE/BB
Sprinolactone
Specialist
Hypertension
A/C
A+C
A+C+D
<4.5 spirin
>4.5 ab, bb
NSTEMI management
GRACE>3% = coronary angio
Fondaparinaux if no immediate PCI
Secondary: aspirin + bleed clop, no bleed ticagrelor
Fibrinolysis afterward what do you do?
ECG at 90 minutes, if still ST elevated, do PCI
Loafer is caused by
Ascaris
ARDS seat the person
Prone
AF drugs
BB, CCB, digoxin
Bradycardia management
Atropine
External pacing
Broad tachycardia stable
irregular: help
regular: amiodarone
Renal colic test
CT KUB
Bladder cancer is mostly
Transitional
Renal stones what do you do?
<5 watch
10-20 shock or uteroscopy
>20 percutaneous nephrolith
TURP syndrome can be exacerbated by
GLYCINE
Prostate investigation
MRI
Erectile dysfunction in young
Urology, do morning testosterone
Urethra males top to bottom
Prostatic, membranous, bulbar, penile
Tamsulosin SE
Posteral hypo
Dizziness
Prostatis treat
14 days cipro
What two stones are lytic
Uric and Xanthine
Decrease calcium stones
Thiazizds, citrate
Decrease oxalate stones
Chloestyramine + B6
Decrease uric acid stones
Allopurinol or alkalinization
What do you use when starting GnRH agonists in prostate cancer to avoid flare?
Cyproterone
Bicalumatide
Lateral anal fissure
REFER
Volvulus manage
Caecal - operation
Sigmoid - sigmoidoscopy
Hydatid cysts investigation
CT
Acute pancreatitis scoring
Glasgow
After cholecystectomy jaundice
CBD stone
FAST scan
free fluid
Treat anal fissure
Bulk laxatives
Mesalazine SE
Pancreatitis
What can increase in a SBO?
Amylase
What is SPECIFIC to the pancrease
Lipase
Snorring what kind of airway
Oropharyngeal
Fluids can cause what abnormality?
Hyperchlor acidosis
Bronchiolitis has a high fever, T or F
F, usually low fever
Chickenpox increases risk for what infection?
GAS
Hypotonia in a baby what syndrome
Prader WIlli
<3 months old with fever what do you do?
Bloods , FBC, culture
CXR is resp
Stool cultures if diarrhoea
Treat NEC
Broad spec antibiotics
Treat Whooping cough
Macrolide
Vaccines in pregnancy
Pertussis and flu
When do benign rolandic happen?
Night
Chronic reflux test
Micturating cys
Damage from VUR
DMSA
When can a baby run
18-2 years
When do you do a bone marrow biopsy in ITP?
Splenomegaly
Fever on alternating days
Malaria
If someone has lymphogranuloma vereneum what other test do you perform?
HIV
Incubation of Ebola
2-21
Fever facial spasms and dysphagia in an IV drug user
Tetanus
Preceding influenza predisposes to what pneumonia?
Staph
Hemibalism
Stroke in CL subthalmic nucleus
PAG in
Midbrain
LC
Pons
Most common disc prolapse (type not level)
PL (lower)
then FL (upper)
Maintenance fluids
1L + 40mmol K+
What does PEEP do in heart failure?
Makes L better
Makes R worse
What are some causes of pseudocushings
Alcohol
Depression
Cushing’s receptor, thyroid receptor
A1
B1
McCune Albright gene
GNAS
What causes SIADH
Cyclosporin
Carbamazepine
SSRIs
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
BAH
MEN1
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Pituitary
MEN2A/B
Parathyroid (A)
Phaeo
Thyroid - MTC
Marfanoid /ganglioneuomas
Phaeo investigation
Urinary metanephrines
Painless goitre middle aged female
Reidels
Hurtle cells
Hashimotos
Small Bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome investigation
Hydrogen breath test
Drugs causing cholestasis
OCP, Co-amox, steroids
Frequent COPD exacerbation antibiotic prophylaxis
Azithromycin
If spirometry - then try
FeNO
Pleural effusion in COPD patient
Pleural tap with US
Treat ABPA
Prednisolone
If Co2 normal in COPD what is target sat?
94-98
Pneumonia causes what kind of shunt?
R-L
Uncongugated hyper bilirubin syndromes
CN
Gilbert
Conjugated hyper bilirubin
DJ
Rotor
Pancreatic pseudocyst found in the
Lesser sac
Taut
Low 02 affinity
Spike fevers, joint pain, rash
JA
Piecemeal necrosis
AIH
When do you do an ABG in terms of %
<92
Antibody in membranous nephropathy
Phospholipase A2
AIN causes
Pee
Pain
Penecillin + cephalosporin
PPI
rifamPicin
Chronic pyelonephritis causes “” kidney
Thyroid
ADPDK heart
Mitral valve prolapse
Atropine constricts/dilates
Pilocarpine constricts/dilates
Dilates
Constricts
Aspirin toxicity
RAlk first
MAcid later
Women on inducers can have what contraception
Injection
Station is in relation to
Ischial spine
Treat amaurosis fugaux
ASPIRIN ASAP
Nuclear cataracts
Age
Polar cataracts
Inherited
Subcapsular cataracts
Steroids
Dense cataracts
Diabetes
Dilate your pupil drugs
Atropine, tropicanimide
Ashermans is when what layer is damaged?
Basalis
DM target in hypo risk and all other
53
48
Liraglutide MOA
GLIP mimic
When starting allopurinol what else do you need?
NSAID
Metformin CI in who?
GFR <30
When do you replace sugar in DKA management?
Glucose < 14
Dermatomyositis additional test
CAP CT for malignancy
NOF fracture classification
Garden
What inhibits T4 absorption?
Calcium and iron
Peripheral arterial disease management
Clopidogrel and atorvastatin
Chagas disease investigation
Echo - cardiomyopathy is common
Lemierre’s syndrome
Thrombophlebitis of IJV after throat infection
What fluid in sepsis?
Crystalloid
Rose spots
Salmonella
MRSA positive
Nasal mupirocin + chlorhexidine for the skin
Treat legionella
Erythromycin/clarithromycin
Confirm meningitis
Whole blood PCR and blood cultures
Cyst in liver described as anchovy sauce
Entamoeba histolytica
qSOFA score
resp rate >22
SBP <100
Altered mentation
Leptospirosis diagnosis
Serology
What pneumonia is associated with cold sore activation
Strep pneumonia
Alternative to oral metronidazole in BV
Topical clindamycin
What antibiotics causes black hairy tongue
TetracyclinesH
HIV diarrhoea ziehl-neelsen protozoa
Cryptosporidium
Hookworms cause what?
IDA
What does haemophilia ducreyi indicate
Chancroid
Treat vancomycin red man syndrome
Stop and then re-start drug when symptoms resolve
Complete heart block treatment
Transvenous [acing
Mobitz type 2 AV block treat
Transvenous pacing
Treat salmonella
Ciprofloxacin
Bloody diarrhoea + fever treat
Ciprofloxacin
Spouted stoma =
End!
PID treatment
Metronidazole, ceftriaxone, doxy
Meningitis how many prophylactic doses after exposure?
1
Femoral hernia incision
McEvedy’s
Indication for thoracotomy?
> 1.5L blood of >200ml per hour for >2 hours
Right sided tenderness on PR
AppendicitisD
Do you give antibiotics in pancreatitis
No
CXR in diaphragmatic rupture
Non visible diaphragm
Primary vs secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
atorvastatin 20
80
What are 5 risk factors for neonatal hypoglycaemia
Preterm
Maternal DM
IUGR
Hypothermia
Neonatal sepsisL
Liver: hyper echoic lesion, fullness, normal AFP
Hemangioma
How much should once daily insulin be reduced by on day on surgery
20%
Thromboses vs external haemorrhoid
External usually flesh or red coloured
Thromboses = blue b lackI
In kids do you try the stimulant laxative or osmotic first
Stimulant
Pulse in PDA
Collapsing
AP vs PA heart
Magnified on AP
Pulmonary oedema after Mi
Mitral regurgitation
Remission in UC
Azathioprine or mercaptopurine
Treat SBBO
Rifaximin
IPF diagnosis
CT
What qualifies someone for LTOT
2 times <7.3
PPH defined as
> 500ml
What size needle to decompress chest pneumothorax
14G
Treat pneumothorax in chronic lung disease
Chest drain
Visual impairment in GCA is secondary to
AION
What decreases effectiveness of clopidogrel
Omeprazole
What is Corrigans sign and when do you see it
Rapid upstroke and collapse of carotid artery pulse
AR
What does your PEF have to be to be discharged after asthma attack
> 75%
UKMEC for SLE
4
How do you diagnose NALD ?
Enhanced liver fibrosis blood test
1-2 weeks after MI
Acute heart failure
Tamponade
FREE WALL RUPTUREW
What do statins interact with notoriously
Macrolides
Induce remission crohn’s
Glucocorticoids
Second line is Masalazine
Induce remission UC
Topical aminosalicylate
Oral
Oral corticostoid
SEVERE COLITIS treatment
Hospital
IV steroids
Urea upper vs lower GI bleed
Increased upper
Perianal fistula in chrons management
Metronidazole
Maintain remission chrons
Azathioprine or mercaptopurine
Maintaining remission UC mild-mod
Proctitis - topical aminosalicylate or oral
left sided: oral aminosalicylate
In severe colitis what investigation is preferred?
Sigmoidoscopy (colonoscopy can perforate)
Pyoderma gangrenous is assoc with
AML
IBD RA
GPA
PBC
What is the most common cause of PID
Chalmydia
Third line heart failure therapy
Ivabradine
Hydralazine/nitrate = afrocarribbean
Indapamide MOA
Thiazide-like
Heart failure drug regime
BB/ACE
Aldosterone
SGLT2
3. Nitrate + hydralazine, ivabradine
Angina drugs
BB/CCB
Nitrate, ivabradine, etcT
Treatment for acute pulmonary oedema
IV furosemide
Which BB lower mortality in heart failure
Bisoprolol and carvedilol
post mi drugs
dual anti p
bb
acei
statin
DPP4
gliptins
Raised INR is from inhibit/inducers
Inhibitors
Newly diagnosed T1DM regime
2x long acting
short acting
Pain in back old person normal straight leg raise
Facet joint pain
Do you give topical NSAIDS for back pain
No
DPP4i can cause
Pancreatitis
What rate control drug causes constipation
Verapamil
Liver transplant criteria after paracetamol OD
PH <7.3 >24h after ingestion
Hypo/hyper kalaemia = digoxin toxicity
Hypo
What drug can cause thrombocytopenia in old person
Heparin
POM means
Prescription only medicine
Ciclosporin SE
Hepatotoxicity
TB drug that inhibits P450
Isonizid
What antibiotics should epileptics NOT get
Fluroquinolones - lower threshold
What epileptic drug inhibits and induces p450
Sodium valproate
Carbamepazine
Metformin and CT scans
Dont have 48 hours after
Transzamuab SE
Cardiotoxicity
TCA overdose treat
Bicarb
Treat LSD overdose
Lorazepam
Treat organophosphate ingestion
Atropine
Blue lips + overdose
Opioid
Reaction to N-AC usually
Non-IgE
When are paracetamol levels accurate?
> 4 hours post ingestion
Early signs of aspirin overdose
Tinnitus
Allopurinol increases risk of ___________ toxicity
Azathioprine
What drugs cause lithium toxicity
Ace BB Diuretics NSAIDS
DVT treatment severe renal impairment
> 15 = xaban
< 15 = UFH
Electrolyte abnormality in MDMA
HypoNa+
Which heart drug can precipitate pulmonary oedema
Verapamil
Blue vision
Viagra
What is given during cardiac bypass surgery
Heparin
Example of a muscarinic agonist
Pilocarpine
Example of a muscarinic antagonist
Atropine
Oxybutynin
What class of drugs are decongestants?
alpha agonists
Treat adrenaline-induced ischaemia
Phenolatime
In HIT, what do you switch?
Heparin for argatroban
HIT is anti/prothrombotic
Pro!
What TB drug induces gout
P one
When is flecainide contraindicated in AF?
Heart structural abnormalities
TLL most important measurement to get
urate
Maintenance fluids adult
25-30
cant tolerate oral bisphosphonates…
Zolendronic (IV)
Differentiate between IBD and IBS in primary care
Calpectin
Prior to PCI drugs in stemi
aspirin and pras
Syphilis in a newborn
Rhinorrhea
Desquaminating rash (palms/soles)
Skeletal abnormalities
Toxoplasmosis in newborn
Chorioretinitis
Calcifications on brain
Hydrocephalus
Putaminal haemorrhage
Hemiparesis
Hemianesthesia
Conjugate gaze diversion
Post thrombotic syndrome management
Compression stockings and exercise
U shape on XRAY, no rectal gas, obstruction symptoms old person
Sigmoid volvulus
Man with boobs testicular tumour
Leydig
infant botulism signs
Floppy baby
ptosis
Retrocardiac air level
Hernia
Complication of infusing saline
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is the imbalance of what ions
Chloride and bicarb
Heart failure what heart sign
S3
Big heart, previous cancer, you want to assume heart failure …
Malignant pericardial effusion
Giaradiasis mechanism of oily stools
Epithelium disruption
How to spot venous air embolism and how to treat it
Central venous catheter… Surgery… Barotrauma…
Obstructive shock w/sudden onset, resp distress
LEFT lateral position and o2
Consolidation vs effusion on examination
Effusion - decreased fremitus
Consolidation - increased fremitus
What causes early decelerations?
Head compression of baby
Variable decals are caused by
Umbilical cord compression
