FA Cardio Flashcards
HR calcualation
300/number of large boxes
New LBBB management
ITS ALWAYS PATHOLOGICAL!
Romano Ward syndrome
LQTS no deafness, AD
Lange-Nielsen syndrome
AR, LQTS and deafness
What causes RA enlargement?
TOF, tricuspid atresia
PA enlargement on ECG
P wave big in lead II
LVH on ECG
Tall S wave
Kussmaul sign
Increased JVP with inspiration
CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS
S3 gallop is a sign of
Fluid overload, normal in young people and high output states (pregnancy)
S4 gallop is a sign of
Decreased compliance, usually pathological
ESM in Erb’s point
Aortic stenosis
Holosystolic murmur
MR, TR (differentiate based on where heard)
Mid systolic or late systolic crescendo murmur and click
Mitral valve prolapse
VSD murmur
Holosystolic hash sounding murmur best heard in tricuspid area
High pitched blowing early diastolic murmur
AR
Mid diastolic murmur
Mitral stenosis
Most common cause of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic fever
PDA murmur
Machine-like murmur
What makes murmurs louder?
More blood (increased preload) in everything except HOCM and MVP
Right sided murmurs increase with
Inspiration (increased flow to heart on right side)
Left sided murmurs increase with
Expiration
Pulses alternans
Cardiomyopathy
Alternating weak pulses
Jerky pulse
HOCM
Pulses biferiens
AR, AR/AS, HOCM
Types of AF
Paroxysmal (<7days)
Persistent (>7days)
Permanent
Sinus bradycardia treatment
- Atropine
- Pacing or dopamine/epinephrine infusion
Definitive: pacemaker
Who is AV first degree block normal in?
Increased vagal tone (athletes), CCB, BB
Second degree mobitz I heart block treat
Asymptomatic = none
Stop drug causing it
Atropine can be used
What drugs can cause mobitz 1
CCB, BB, digoxin
Mobitz 2 is where?
His Purkinje system
Mobitz 2 treatment
Pacemaker
Acute WPW therapy
Procainamide Amiodarone
Atrial tachycardia treat
Adenosine
Examples of antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine
Procainamide
Amiodarone
Rate control via
CCB, BB
WPW patient in SVT
Procanaimide… NOT BB
Synchronized cardioversion
VT, SVT, AF
Unsynchronized cardioversion
Pulseless VT, VF
Diastolic vs systolic HF
Diastolic: normal EF
Systolic: <50% EF
What is a good indicator of HF mortality
Hyponatremia
CHF diagnosis
Alveolar edema
Kerly B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated upper lobe vessels
Effusion
Test for coronary steal syndrome
Adenosine dipyridamole stress test
CI in asthma, heart block, SBP<90
Electrical alternates is diagnostic for
Pericardial effusion
Becks triad, what’s it for?
Tamponade
increased JVP
Muffled heart sounds
hypotension
When can MR occur?
After a posterior MI
Causes of TR
Ebsteins
IV drug use
Blue toe syndrome
Cholesterol embolism
Buttock claudication
Iliac disease
Buttock claudication and impotence
Leriche syndrome (aortoilliac disease)
Syncope with arm exercise
Subclavian steal syndrome
Syncope after wearing tight collar
Carotid sinus syndrome
pulses paradoxus
Drop in pulse during inspiration
Tamponade, obstructive lung
