Extra stuff Flashcards
Pentosan
Relieves pain the bladder
In non-hodgkins lymphoma what correlates with disease activity?
LDH
Hodgkins dosing is done by
MUGA or nuclear scan (doxorubicin is cardiotoxic)
Protease inhibitors adverse affects
Increase lipids and glucose
Zidovudine causes
AnaemiaW
What can cause an increased haemoglobin
Dehydration
Erythropoietin
Androgens
DHEA tumour
Syphilis confirmatory tests
FTA, MHA
How do you treat neurosyphilis/pregnancy and syphilis
Desensitization
How do you investigate HIT?
Platelet factor 4 with ELISA
Treat Waldenstrom
Plasmapheresis
Treat multiple myeloma
Dexamethasone + lelalidomide / bortezomib
Molphanan for old people
Malaria testing (thick/thin)
Thick is for detection
Thin is for specialization
What do you need to test for before you use primaquine?
G6PD
Do not use _____umab in Hep B
Rituxumab
Treat hairy cell leukemia
Cladribine
Pentostatin
What is phenazopyridine used for?
Anaesthetic for pain in UTI
S/E of interferon
Anaemia, depression, myalgias
What two organisms in colon cause endocarditis?
Clostridium
Strep Bovis
What do you use for PrEP?
Cabotegravir injection every 2 months
Treat stage 3 or 4 hodgkins
ADVB, a (doxorubicin), b (bleomycin), V (vinisterin) D (dacarbazine)
Non-embolitic cardiac ischemia
Anaemia
CLL refractory treatment
Cyclophosphanamide
CLL in geriatric patients treat
Bendamustine
You can’t use doxorubicin if EF
<50%
Coccidomyo seems like diagnosis
Valley fever, desert rheumatism
Sputum culture
Histo seems like treatment
Soil in caves, oral ulcers, resembles TB
Treat with amphortericin and itraconazole
Blastococci seems like
Budding yeasts, wart like
Chronic pancreatitis test
Secretin test
Methylhaemalobinuria
Caused by nitrates dapsone and anesthetics
Bradycardia and cannon A waves
AV type 3 block
If it is ani oxides tick
TREAT RIGHT AWAY
Treat gastroparesis
Erythromycin
HLA B57 test for
SJS
Cor pulmonale is specific to
Lungs
Increased O2 from RA to RV
Septal rupture
S3 + breathlessness
Pulmonary oedema
HIV can cause a false positive
Hep C
When do you give PPI to prevent stress burns?
TRauma
increased ICP
Coagulation
Sepsis
Intubated
Previous heart surgery is a risk for what heart pathology?
Constrictive pericarditis
Treat AIP attacks?
Glucose and Haem
When can celiac be falsely negative?
IgA deficiency
Sporotrichosis
Nodular skin lesions on a farmer or gardener
Handgrip manoeuvre increases
LV
PBC diagnosis vs PSC
Biopsy
MRCP
Invasive aspergillosis investigations and treatment
Serum galac, B-D, PCR
Ivraconazole (NOT AMPHOR)
Lemiere syndrome caused by
Fusobacterium
“Haemorrhagic lymphadenitis”
Anthrax
Test for babesia
Blood smear
Treat burns?
Ringer lactate or saline
Treat medeterannian fever? Gene?
Colchicine, MEFV
Multifocal atrial tachycardia happens in
Chronic lung disease / COPD
Recurrence of MI/arrythmia do a
Echo
What test for SOURCE of Ventricular arrythmia
EP studies
What is a Swan catheter?
Intracardiac pressure and CO
Zika can cause
GB
J-H reaction, spirochete, no syphilis =
Leptospirosis
For ALL what do you add to treatment?
Intrathecal methotrexate
When is manometry used?
Achalasia, spasm, scleroderma
Treat squamous cell hyperplasia of vagina
Sitz bath
Brucella is seen in
Returning war veterans
Person with Pelger-Huer, prior chemotherapy
Myelodysplasia
5q deletion
If P:Cr and 24 protein are answers, what do you choose?
P:Cr
Glazmann
2b/3a mutation, no big platelets
Bernard
1b/IX BIG PLATELETS
Dysmorphic RBC
Glomerulonephritis
AIN stains
Wright
Hansel
What test for AKI
Renal sonogram
What drug increases creatinine
Trimetheprim
ERCP pancreatitis can be prevented by
Rectal NSAIDS
HRT can only be used for
5 years
First to be positive Hep B
surface antigen
No risk of transmission when Hep B
surface antigen -
Interferon for
Hep D
Sickle cell reticulocyte count
Should be increased so when it is normal that is a poor sign
CLL needs what prophylaxis?
PCP
Treat CLL
Fludarabine (rituxumab + bendamustine)
cyclophosphanamide
Acute tubular necrosis UNa FeNa Specific gravity
Most: Increased urine Na, increased FeNa, decreased specific gravity
Contrast induced: Decreased Na, decreased Fe Na, increased specific gravity
CJD diagnosis
Biopsy
Tuberose sclerosis
Cardiac rhabdomyomas
Seizures
Face nodules
Ethyl glycol electrolyte abnormality
Calcium is low because of the calcium oxalate stone
AKI from NSAIDS has no
Eosinophils
NF2 features
2 eyes (gliomas)
2 ears (VS)
2 brain tumours (ependymona, meningioma)
What drug causes distal renal tubular acidosis?
Topiramate!
Distal renal tubular acidosis causes acidotic / alkaline urine
alkaline
What causes rhabdomyolysis
Cocaine
Decreased K
Decreased Phosphate
Statins
Viruses
Hepatorenal syndrome treatment
Midrodine
Sturg Weber on biopsy
Tram track in angiomas
Calcineuriun inhibitors side effects
Glucose intolerance, tremors, kidney injury
Bartter syndrome
Furosemide, decreased BP, ascending limb
Liddle syndrome
Aldosterone, DCT, eNAC channel, increased BP
Gitelman syndrome
Thiazide like, decreased BP, DCT
Distal RTA is type
1
T1RTA causes
Stones ! nephrocalcinosis
Treat T1RTA
Bicarb
Treat type 4 RTA
Fludrocortisone
Who gets type 4 RTA
Diabetes
Type 2 RTA causes
Osteomalacia
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause what RTA
2
Outdated tetracyclines cause RTA
2
Analgesic nephaopathy causes what RTA
1
What stones can only be seen on CT
Uric acid
What acid is from methanol?
Formic
What is Ketorolac
NSAID
Treat 0.5-2cm stones
Lithotripsy
Stents in kidney stones
Relieve hydronephrosis
Renal artery stenosis investigations
MR angio
Thrombolytics cause
Angiooedema
Migraine treat
Triptans, CGRPs, lasmiditan
Cluster headache treat
Octreotide
Prevent: verapamil,prednisolone
COMT in Parkinsons?
Increased duration of levodopa
Istradefylline in Parkinsons?
Decreases off affect
Caudate atrophy
Huntingtons
Emotional incontinence treat
Dexamethasone
Neurogenic (weak) bladder treat
Bethanechol`
2 ALS drugs
Riluzole
Edavarone
Face feels stiff
CN7 palsy
Common CN7 palsy complication
Corneal ulcer
Goodell sign
soft uterus (4weeks)
Ladin sign
soft midline uterus (6 weeks)
Chadwick
blue vagina (6-8 weeks)
Pregnancy and RV
Decreased
Bloods in pregnancy
Leukocytosis, anaemia, thrombocytopenia
In pregnancy, when should you see a sac?
bhCG > 1500
Periventricular calcifications buzzword for
CMV
Test for diabetes in pregnancy
Glucose load
Glucose tolerance (2nd)
Arrest of dilation in labour is defined as
No increase in 2 hours
Who gets lung cancer screen?
50-80, 20 year pack history, hasn’t quick in past 15 years
Don’t use ondansetron with what ECG change
Increased QT
What is most accurate for detecting diabetic retinopathy
Angiofluoroscein
AC Separation 1-6
1-2 sling
3-6 ORIF
Babies eyes by time
1 day irritation
2-7 days gonorrhea
7 days chlamydia
3 weeks herpes
Most common skull fracture neonates
Linear
Most fatal skull fracture neonates
Basilar
Can Hep B/C breast feed?
Yes!
What are some drugs that can induce serotonin syndrome?
Meperidine, linezolid, lithium, metaclopramide
+ symptoms vs - in schiz receptor
Dopamine
Muscarinic
Psychosis in parkinsons is treated with
Pimavanserin
Alprazolam is used for
Panic attacks
What drug for narcolepsy
Pitolistat
Night terrors/sleepwalking happen in what stage of sleep?
3 and 4
Nightmares happen in what stage of sleep?
REM
Paraphilia: exhibition
Expose to stranger
Paraphilia: masochism
Humiliate
Paraphilia: sadism
Suffering
Paraphilia: frotteurism
Rubbing against non-consensual person
What is decreased in suicidal people?
5-HIAA
Diagnosis of asthma? 2 challenge tests
PFTs
FEV increase 12% albuterol
FEV decrease with metacholine (better if they are asymptomatic)
Test for allergic asthma
FeNO as detects eosinophils
What is a measure of the severity of asthma?
RR
Who gets home O2?
<55 or <88%
If cardiomyopathy, PHTN, increased HCT <60 <90%
COPD exacerbation drugs
SAMA (ipratropium), SABA, steroid, antibiotics
When is MAI found? (lung pathogen) What is treatment?
Bronchiectasis, old people with COPD
Rifampicin, ethambutol, azithromycin
Treat a long QT syndrome
BB
What prevents breast cancer in those with multiple relatives?
SERM
Vascular ring happens in? What is observed?
DiGeorge, Downs
Biphasic stridor
TEF that is most common
EA with distal TEF
3 signs for pyloric stenosis
String, mushroom, shoulder
Congenital abnormalities seen together
Coloboma of eyes/CNS defects
Heart defects
Atresia of chonae
Retardation of growth
Genital/urinary defects
Ear abnormalities
VACTERL syndrome
Vertebral, anal atresia, CVD, TEF, Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, limb anomalies
Intussuception diagnosis
US initial barium enema diagnostic and therapeutic
Vit D dependent rickets
Decreased 1, 25
Lead poisoning management
Capillary level, then venous level and remove from environment
Diaper rash vs candida
Diaper rash spares skin folds
Whooping cough CXR
Butterfly pattern
Zoster at what age?
50
Neuroactive steroid for post party depression?
Brexanolone
What is the single most effective treatment for depression?
ECT
Is ECT safe in pregnancy?
Yes!
CF what can be used for mucus plugs?
rhDNAse
Chlamydophilia presents with
Hoarseness
Consolidation vs effusion tactile and breathing sounds
Consolidation - increased tactile, increased breath
Effusion - decreased tactile, decreased breath
PCP what is elevated in ALL patients
LDH
PCP diagnosis
BAL
Always combine a carbapenems with a
Anti-pseudomonal penicillijn
Ventillator associated pneumonia most accurate test
Biopsy
Daptomycin is inactivated by
Surfactant
Over 65 get what pneumococcal vaccine
23
Immunocompromised get what pneumococcal vaccine
13 then 23
COPD, cirrhosis, etc, pneumococcal vaccine
23 then 23 5-10 years later
TB investigations
CXR initial
Pleural biopsy is diagnostic
PCP if TMP causes rash
Clinda and primaquine
PCP if TMP rash and G6PD deficiency
IV pentamidine
When can you stop PCP prophylaxis?
CD4>200 for multiple months
TB PDD
>5mm
>10mm
>15mm
HIV, steroids or anti-TNF, close contact active TB, transplant
Immigrant, healthcare worker, haematology malignancy, alcoholic, DM
No risk factors
Contaminated water at dentist organism
M abscess, chelonae, fortiuitums
M.kasai is similar to … treat like
TB
MAI
ABPA treat
Oral steroids
Itraconazole for episodes
Mouldy sugar cane organism
Bagassosis
Electronics organism
Beryllosis
Sand, rocks, tunnels organism
Silicosis
Ships, pipes organism
Asbestosis
What is most accurate test for sarcoidosis?
Lymph node biopsy
V/Q scan is only superior to CTPA in what condition?
CTEPH
PHTN vessels
Pruning distal vessels
Drugs for ILD
pirfenidone, nentedanib
Crytogenic organizing pneumonia treat
Steroids
ANCA is also known as
Qualitative serum autoantibody
PE most common CXR findings
Atelectasis
PE most common ECG findings
Tachycardia, non-specific ST changes
ARDS diagnosis and how to manage
pO2/FiO2 <300
Keep TV low (6ml/kg)
Increase PEEP to keep FiO2 low (Increased FiO2 above 50% increases risk of toxicity)
Treat reactive arthritis
NSAIDS
MUGA scan for
Heart ejection fraction
Gallium scan and Indium scan
Increased iron deposition and infections, CANCER
Similar but used in abdomen
OA can falsely elevate
T-score
RA gets what syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
RA death
Coronary artery disease
Rituximab in RA
Good for RA (CD20 receptor), but decreases effectiveness of vaccines
BP in gout management
Losartan
Anti-Ro detected what do you need to check if pregnant?
Baby ECG!
Most dangerous complication of sjogrens?
Lymphoma
Most accurate test sjogrens
Biopsy
Myositis most accurate test
Biopsy
MRI C/I
Pacemaker
Antibody in MCTD
Anti-RNP
Spinal stenosis and PAD
Can cause a PAD like picture but with normal vascular studies
PAN diagnosis
Biopsy of site
GCA complication
Aneurysm
Non-resolving pneumonia despite mutliple antibiotics think about
Wegeners
Cyclophosphanamide S/E in bladder
Cancer and bleeding
Chronic Hep C causes what vasculitis? What is positive? Picture?
Cryo
Rheumatoid factor, cold complexes
Joint pain, glomerulo, purport, neuropathy
Pathery
Skin sterile pustule to minor trauma
Seen in Behchets
Tenofovir causes
OP
Shock, which ones have increased CO?
Septic, anaphylaxis
Renal failure in OP treat OP
Denosumab
Recurrent gonorrhoea check for
Terminal complement deficiency
Osteomyelitis check for response?
ESR
SHOCK
Cool, pale
Increased PCWP vs decreased
Increased - cardiogenic
Decreased - hypovol
Blunt abdominal trauma investigation
Stable - CT
Unstable - exploratory laporotomy
Kehr sign
Shoulder pain in splenic rupture
HIDA scan for
Cholecystitis, BILE LEAK!
Gallbladder polyp management
<5mm repeat US at 1 year
5-10 yearly US if change cholecystectomy
10-20 remove laparoscopically
>20 remove surgically
Ischemic colitis investigations
CT and then angio
Mesenteric ischemia investigations
AXR and CT angio
Rectus sheath haematoma
CT
Fecal incontinence best test
Manometry
Haemorrhoids most accurate test
Anoscopy
Olgilvie syndrome management
Decompress, if no response in 24-48 hours neostigimine
Trigger finger manage
Steroid
Priapism management ischemic and non-ischemic
Aspirate
Non-ischemic conservative
Ischemic Intracaver epinephrine
Peyronies <3months treat
Pentoxifylline
Biggest risk factor for aortic dissection
Hypertension
Thoracic outlet syndrome investigations
Initial doppler, most accurate is MRA
Post op fever
1-3 wind
3-5 water
5-7 walking
7 wound
8-15 wonder drugs and abscess
What GI surgery results in dumping syndrome
Roux-en-y
Post cardiac surgery syndrome
After pericardium opens, at risk, treat with NSAIDS + colchinine
