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FA GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Pseudocyst of major salivary clans
Blue swelling on floor of mouth

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2
Q

Immunocompromised person with odynophagia, what should be on differential?

A

Candiadasis

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3
Q

Treat CMV

A

Ganciclovir

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4
Q

Candida esophagitis is

A

AIDS defining illness

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5
Q

Muscle of oesophagus?

A

Upper = skeletal
Lower 2/3 = smooth

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6
Q

What is affected in achalasia?

A

Myenteric plexus

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7
Q

Treat achlasia

A

Heller’s myotomy

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8
Q

Which hiatal hernias need surgery no matter what?

A

Paraoeophageal

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9
Q

Major risk factor for adenocarcinoma of esophagus

A

Barrett

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10
Q

One unit of RBCs should increase hemoglobin by how much?

A

1g/dL

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11
Q

How do you diagnose esophageal cancer?

A

HAS TO BE BIOPSY

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12
Q

Upper GI bleeding diagnosis

A

NG tube and lavage, endoscopy is definitive

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13
Q

Lower GI bleeding diagnosis

A

Anoscopy, sigmoid <45
Colonoscopu

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14
Q

What is a Dieulafoy lesion?

A

Anatomical variant of a submucosal arteriole in the stomach wall
Painless bleeding from unidentifiable source
EGD!

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15
Q

Dyspepsia who gets endoscopy?

A

> 60
<60 Those with red flag symptoms

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16
Q

Type A vs B gastritis

A

Fundus (autoimmune) vs antrum (NSAIDS, H pylori)

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17
Q

Diagnostic test for gastritis

A

Endoscopy

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18
Q

Test of cure for H pylori?

A

Urea breath or stool, antibodies will stay +

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19
Q

Curling ulcers

A

Burns

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20
Q

Cushing ulcers

A

ICP

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21
Q

In order for a stool antigen test to be accurate…

A

Off PPI for 2 weeks

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22
Q

What malignancy can be cured with antibiotics?

A

MALT lymphoma (because caused by H pylori)

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23
Q

Perforated ulcer first step

A

XRAY abdomen

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24
Q

ZE syndrome diagnosis

A

Gastrin levels >1000, increase in gastrin with secretin, pH <2

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25
Q

ZE triad

A

Diarrhoea
Hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroid
Epigastric pain (ulcer)

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26
Q

Anterior ulcers

A

Perforate

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27
Q

Posterior ulcers

A

Bleed
Gastroduodenal artery

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28
Q

Menetrier disease?

A

Large gastric folds due to hyperplasia of gastric mucosa and reduced gastric acid secretion

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29
Q

Secretory diarrhoea cause

A

VIPoma, carcinoid tumour

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30
Q

Low osmotic gap diarrhoea

A

Secretory
(bacteria)

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31
Q

High osmotic gap diarrhoea

A

Osmotic (celiac, Whipple, laxatives)

32
Q

Diarrhoea
Sigmoidoscopy reveals pseudomembranes

33
Q

Why do carcinoid syndrome get B3 deficiency?

A

Tryptophan is metabolized to serotonin

34
Q

Treat bowel obstruction

A

Fluid resus

35
Q

Ischemic colitis XRAY
Meseteric ischemia xray

A

Thumbprinting
Ileus

36
Q

Out of proportion abdominal pain

A

Acute mesenteric ischaemia

37
Q

Diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia

38
Q

Aetiology AMI vs ischemic colitis

A

Atherosclerosis, cholesterol emboli
Dehydration/perfusion issue

39
Q

Where is McBurny

A

1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus

40
Q

Small bowel obstruction later treatment

A

NG compression, IV fluids, NPO status
May require surgery

41
Q

Bowel dilation rule

A

3- small
6-large/appedix
9-cecum

42
Q

Colorectal cancer on imaging

A

Left sided = apple core!
Right = exophytic bulky mass

43
Q

UC or Chrons has higher risk of CRC

44
Q

Adenomatous polyps and CRC

A

Villous>tubular sessile>pedunculated

45
Q

Lynch syndrome cancers

A

Colorectal
Endometrial
Ovarian

46
Q

Most accurate test for ischemia colitis

A

Angiography

47
Q

Indirect hernia

A

Infant
Congenital patent processus vaginalis

48
Q

Direct hernia

49
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Below inguinal ligament lateral to pubic tubercle

50
Q

Spigelian hernia

A

Beside restus muscle

51
Q

Hesselbach triangle

A

Inguinal ligament
Rectus muscle
inferior epigastric

52
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin

A

Gilbert
Criger Nijar

53
Q

Defective excretion of bilirubin (conjugated)

A

DJ syndrome
Rotor syndrome

54
Q

Most common acute hepatitis worldwide

55
Q

Chronic hepatitis

56
Q

Blood born hepatitis

57
Q

Which is dependent on HBV

58
Q

High mortality rate in pregnant women, fecal oral hepatitis

59
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis antibodies

A

Anti-smoothie muscle
ANA

60
Q

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A

Paracentesis

61
Q

LFT over 1000

A

Drug induced hepatitis
Ischemic hepatitis

62
Q

Ischemic hepatitis

A

“shock liver”

63
Q

Diagnose PSC

64
Q

Treat PSC

A

ERCP with dilation
Liver transplant

65
Q

Treat PBC

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid
Cholestyramine for pruritis

66
Q

Woman on OCP with liver mass

A

Hepatic adenoma

67
Q

Haemachromatosis is autosomal

68
Q

Treat wilsons

A

Penecillamine, zinc

69
Q

Liver mass stellate scar

70
Q

How do you get a hydatid cyst?

A

Echinococcus infection
This is a parasite
=Cyst with daughter cyst

71
Q

Who gets insulinomas

72
Q

Hypoglycemia Whipple triad

A

Hypo on venipuncture
Sweating, palpitations, anxiety
Resolution of symptoms with glucose

73
Q

Diagnosis of insulinoma

A

Cpep and insulin elevated

74
Q

VIPoma symptoms

A

Watery Diarrhoea, Dehydration, Muscle weakness, Flushing

75
Q

Palpable non tender galbladder

A

Coursoirsier sign

76
Q

Migratory thrombophlebitis

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