Osmoregulation Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the cortex of the kidney

A

it is the kidneys outer layer protecting the structures underneath

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2
Q

what is the Nephron

A

it extends from the cortex to the medulla and are the site of ultrafiltration, urine formation and selective reabsorption

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3
Q

what is the renal tube

A

the tube of each nephron is lined with microvilli in order to increase surface area for absorption

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4
Q

what is ultrafiltration

A

it is carried out in the bowman’s capsule
everything except erythrocytes and large proteins are forces out of the blood into the bowman’s capsule due to high pressure caused by a difference in diameter of the afferent and efferent arterioles

afferent arteriole is much wider

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5
Q

what is selective reabsorption

A

water, amino acids, glucose and ions are selectively absorbed first in the proximal convoluted tube
after the PCT water is absorbed into the blood via osmosis in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
ions are reabsorbed in the ascending limb of then loop of Henle

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6
Q

how is urine excreted

A

it is formed in the collecting duct. it then travels down the ureters to the bladder, and it then passes through the urethra to be excreted

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7
Q

what are osmoreceptors

A

they are in the hypothalamus and they detect water composition in the blood.
if water levels drop it secretes the Antidiuretic hormone and signals for the release of the posterior pituitary gland into the bloodstream

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8
Q

what happens when ADH reaches the cells inn the ducts

A

they become more permeable to water therefore enabling them to reabsorb more water

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9
Q

what does increased ADH concentration cause

A

it constricts the blood vessels inducing a higheer blood pressure

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10
Q

What happens in the loop of henle

A

Water is reabsorbed into the blood via osmosis in the descending limb and ions are reabsorbed in the ascending limb

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11
Q

What is aldosterone

A

It maintains electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids

It does this by enhancing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

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12
Q

What does angiotensin 2 do

A

It causes an increase in ADH and causes aldosterone release

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