ORTHODONTICS Flashcards
What is orthodontics?
- Growth and development of the teeth, face and jaws.
- Diagnosis, prevention and correction of dental and facial irregularities.
What Andrew’s 6 keys.
- Correct incisor relationship (class I)
- Correct angulation- The root is angulated distally to the crown.
- Correct inclination
- Upper incisors crown is labial to root.
- All other teeth- the occlusal part is lingual to the gingival part.
- Tight approximal contact with no rotations
- Correct molar relationship (class I)
- Flat occlusal plane.
What are the risks of orthodontic treatment?
- Decalcification- the begining of caries around the bracket.
- Relaspe (patient needs to wear their retainer)
- Pain/ discomfort
- Root resorption
- Soft tissue trauma
- Loss of tooth vitality
- Candida infections
- failure to complete treatment.
What is the frankfort plane?
A line from the earhole (porion) to the orbital rim of the eye socket (orbitale)

Classify and discuss this jaw relationship

Class I-
The mandible is 2-3mm behind the maxillary basal bone.
This is the normal relationship.
There can be bimaxillary protrusion/ retrusion when both jaws are set forward or back
Classify and discuss this jaw relationship.

This is the class II.
This is when the maxilla is positioned >3mm infront of the mandible.
This can be caused by:
Mandibular hypoplasia (smaller mandible)
Maxilla being too large
Mandibular Retrognathia (a normal sized mandible which is positioned too far back)
Classify and discuss this jaw relationship

Class III.
This is when the mandible is positioned further forward than the maxilla.
This can be caused by:
Maxillary hypoplasia- maxilla is too small.
Mandibular prognathism- mandible is too far forward
Mandible is too big.
How does a class II affect the way the patient bites?
The patient has an overjet.

How does a class III affect the way a patient bites ?
Reverse overjet.

What class is commonly found in a cleft lip and palate patient and why
Class III due to scar tissue preventing maxilla growth.
What is this abnormality?

Crowding
What is this abnormality?

Spacing
What is this abnormality?

Increased overjet
What is this abnormality?

Reverse overjet
What is this abnormality?

Hypodontia
What is this abnormality?

Anterior open bite.
The teeth do not overlap at all.
What is this abnormality?

Deep bite.
The upper teeth overlap alot.
**also known as an overbite**
what is this abnormality?

Ectopic teeth (teeth are in the wrong place)
What is this abnormality?

Anterior crossbite
What is this abnormality?

Posterior crossbite.
Classifiy this incisor relationship.

Class I.
The lower incisor edge contacts at or below the cingulum of the upper central incisor.
Classifiy this incisor relationship.

Class II division 1
The lower incisors lie posterior to the cingulum of the upper incisors.
The upper centrals are proclined (or increased overjet)
Classifiy this incisor relationship.

Class II division 2.
The lower incisors contact posterior to the cingulum.
Theupper central incisors are retroclined.
(minimal overjet)
Classifiy this incisor relationship.

Class III
Lower incisal edges lie anterior to the cingulum of the upper incisors.
Upper incisors proclined. Lower incisors retroclined.


































