H&N week 2- Triangles of neck. Flashcards
Label this diagram of the anterior triangle of the neck
Label this diagram of the Posterior triangle of the neck
What is the Platsyma?
A muscle that maintains tissue tone in the neck.
What is the mylohyoid raphe?
A band of connective tissue.
Discuss the relative locations of the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of digastric.
The mylohyoid muscle is deeper than the anterior belly of digastric.
Discuss the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?
It bifurcates into the external and internal carotid arteries at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage.
Compare the internal and external carotid artery?
External (slightly further forward & gives off branches) supplies blood to the face
Internal supplies blood to the brain.
How is the external jugular vein formed and where?
Formed from the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein near the angle of the mandible.
Describe the heads of the sternocleidomastoid?
There are 2 heads of the sternocleidomastoid:
- Fleshy head that comes from the clavicle (starts as muscle)
- Head from the sternum starts off as a tendon and becomes muscle. (sTernal T for tendon)
Where is the internal jugular vein found?
Deep to the sternocleidomastoid.
What is the carotid sheath?
A sleve of fascia whcih contains:
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery.
Internal jugular vein.
Vagus nerve.
What is the carotid sinus?
An area of the wall of the internal carotid artery which contains pressoreceptors or barroreceptors that monitor blood pressure.
What nerves innervate the carotid sinus?
The glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus nerve.
What is the carotid body?
A small mass of chemoreceptors that monitor changes in oxygen and CO2 concentration in the blood.
What is the superior thyroid artery?
A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the thyroid gland.
What is the sternohyoid?
A muscle that connects the hyoid bone to the sternum
It is one of the strap muscles & the infrahyoid muscles.
Where do you find the thyroid gland?
A gland located at vertebral levels C5-T1
What does the thyroid gland produce?
T3 and T4 hormones.
What is the sternothyroid?
A muscle found deep to the sternohyoid and attaches to the thyroid cartilage.
What is the cricothyroid membrane
Also known as the cricothyroid ligament- this attaches along the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage and the superior border of the cricoid cartilage.
What are the lamina of the thyroid cartilage?
The lamina are the sides of the thyroid cartilage.
Compare the laryngeal prominences in males and females.
The laryngeal promience is more prominent in males than females (adam’s apple)
Compare the submandibular and submental lymph nodes
Submandibular lymph nodes drain the area of the mouth/ nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.
Submental lymh nodes drain the most anterior parts of the lower part of the mouth (lower lip/skin on chin/ tip of the tongue and anterior teeth)
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
Medially- Median plane of the neck.
Superolaterally- Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Inferiolaterally- anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
What are the boundaries of the Carotid triangle?
Superiorly- posterior belly of digastric
Inferiomedially- superior belly of omohyoid muscle
Inferiolaterally- Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
How can the anterior triangle of the neck be split further?
Into the:
- Carotid triangle
- Muscular triangle
- Submandibular triangle
- Submental triangle.
What is the superior laryngeal nerve ?
This is a branch of the vagus nerve which passes through the thyrohyoid.
Compare the two laryngeal nerves
Recurrent laryngeal nerve- innervates the larynx (vocal folds/ inferior constrictor/ posterior crico-arytenoid musles)
Superior laryngeal nerve innervates cricothyroid muscle (external branch) & provides sensory fibres to the larynx mucosa (inner branch).
What is the posterior triangle?
Everything behind the sternocleidomastoid.
What is the accessory nerve and what is it’s function?
This is cranial nerve 11.
It supplies the trapezium and sternocleidomastoid muscles
Describe the path of the accessory nerve?
The accessory nerve exits the skull via the jugular foramen and goes deep into the deep surface of the trapezius.
What is the function of the trapezius?
It is for shrugging your shoulders.
What is the scalenus medius?
A muscle going from the cervical vertibrae to the first rib.
Compare the superficial cervical nodes and the supraclavicular nodes
The superficial cervical nodes drain the area of skin over the posteiror triangle.
The supraclavicular nodes are lymph nodes found just above the the clavicle that drain the chest.
What is the brachial plexus?
A large bundle of nerve fibres which are formed from C5-T1 spinal nerves.
These go down into the axilla(armpit) to supply the upper limb.
Name the three large bundles of the brachial plexus?
Superior, middle and inferior trunks.
What is the Ansa Cervicalis?
A loop of nerve fibres from the anterior ramus of C1 spinal nerve which give nerve supply to the strap muscles.
It is formed by the cervical nerves 1-3
Where is the phrenic nerve found?
On the surface of the scalenous anterior muscle running between the cervical vertibrae and the first rib.
What is the transverse cervical nerve?
This is a nerve formed from C2 and C3 spinal nerves that supplies the skin of the front of the neck.
Describe the pathway of the transverse cervical nerve?
This comes behind the external jugular vein and transversley across the sternocleidomastoid to the anterior triangle.
What is the great auricular nerve?
This is a big nerve formed by the re-arrangement of C2 and C3 spinal nerve fibres which supplies sensory supply to the area at the angle of the mandible parotid gland and ear.
