H&N week 8- Mouth & submandibular

Question 1

Label this diagram of the submandibular region

Answer 1

Question 2

Discuss the two parts of the submandibular salivary gland?

Answer 2

• a Superficial part that lies in the submandibular region.
• A Small deeper part which lies around the free edge.

Question 3

What is the function of the posterior free edge of the mylohyoid?

Answer 3

This seperates the submandibular region from the floor of the mouth.

Question 4

Discuss the action of the muscles of digastric?

Answer 4

The action depends on what other muscles are also contracting.

It rasises the hyoid bone (if the other muscles keep the jaw fixed shut)

It opens the mouth (if the other muscles keep the hyoid bone fixed)

Question 5

What connects the 2 bellys of digastric?

Answer 5

The central tendon of digastric.

Question 6

Why does the hyoid bone lift when the digastric muscles contract?

Answer 6

Because the digastric muscles pull up the central tendon when they contract and this central tendon is connected to the hyoid bone by a fascia tunnel

Question 7

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 7

At the upper border of the thyroid cartilage.

Question 8

Where does the posterior belly of digastric muscle attach?

Answer 8

At the base of the skull posterior to the mastoid process.

Question 9

Discuss the tendons of the stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 9

This gives a tendon that splits around the central tendon.

Question 10

What is the function of the occipital artery?

Answer 10

The occipital artery supplies the posterior regions of the head.

Question 11

Label this diagram of the floor of the mouth

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the function of the genioglossus?

Answer 12

It allows you to stick the tongue out.

Question 13

Discuss the ducts of the sublingual gland

Answer 13

The sublingual gland ducts open into the submandibular duct or the sublingual fold

Question 14

What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 14

Contraction of this muscle pulls the tongue down.

Question 15

What is the submandibular ganglion?

Answer 15

A structure supsended from the lingual nerve

It has post ganglionic parasympathetic fibres leavingit and entering the submandibular gland.

Question 16

What is the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 16

A muscle that comes down from the styloid process and blends into the tongue.

This pulls the tongue upwards and backwards.

Question 17

Name and discuss the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Answer 17

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue change the shape of the tongue:

• Superior and inferior longitudinal muscles (pull the tip back to shorten the tongue)
• Vertical muscles (make the tongue go thin and flat)
• Transverse muscles (narrow and elongate the tongue)

Question 18

Label this diagram of the lymph nodes in the head and neck

Answer 18

Question 19

What do the parotid lymph nodes do?

Answer 19

Parotid lymph nodes drain lymph from the nose/nasal cavity and external auditory meatus.

Question 20

What do the pre-auricular lymph nodes do?

Answer 20

The pre-auricular lymph nodes drain the superficial area of the face and the temporal region.

Question 21

What do the jugulodigastric lymph nodes do?

Answer 21

The jugulodygastric lymph nodes drain the palatine tonsils (the ones you can see)

This makes these nodes larger.

Question 22

What do the submental lymph nodes do?

Answer 22

The submental lymph nodes drain the central lower lip, the floor of the mouth and the tip of the tongue.

Question 23

What do the submandibular lymph nodes do?

Answer 23

The lymph nodes drain anterior to the dotted line.

i.e. the cheeks/lateral aspect of the nose/ upper lip/ lateral parts of the lower lip/ gums and anterior tongue.

Question 24

What does the jugulo-omohyoid node drain?

Answer 24

The lingual tonsils.

Question 25

What do the supra-clavicular nodes drain?

Answer 25

The Supraclavicular nodes drain from the head and neck aswell as the chest and upper abdomen.

Question 26

What do the deep cervical nodes do?

Answer 26

The deep cervical nodes recieve lymph from the superficial lymph nodes and deep areas of the head & neck

The following structures drain straight to the deep cervical nodes:

Posterior of tongue/ oropharynx/ nasopharynx/pharynx and middle ear.

Question 27

Compare the deep cervical lymph nodes to the superficial cervical lymph nodes.

Answer 27

Superficial cervical nodes- recieve lymph from the superficial surfaces of the head and neck e.g. scalp via the occipital and mastoid nodes.

Deep cervical nodes- a collection of lymph nodes along the Internal jugular vein- these include the Jugulodigastric, jugulo-omohyoid.