H&N- Week 1 (exterior Skull and spine) Flashcards
What is the calvaria?
This is another name for the roof of the cranial cavity.
What do we call this view?
Norma frontalis (view from the front)
What do we call this view?
Norma lateralis.
What do we call this view?
Norma Verticalis.
What is the most promient part of the frontal bone?
The frontal eminences
Found anteriorly above each superciliary arch.
Label this diagram of the skull.
What is the function of the parietal foramen?
It transmits an emissary vein (which joins the veins on the scalp with the superior sagital sinus)
How are the sutures of the skull formed?
By intra-membranous ossification (No cartilage precursor)
Compare sutures found in children and adults.
Young people have open sutures with fibrous tissue.
In adults the fibrous tissue is replaced by bone.
At what age does the anterior fontanelle close?
2 years.
What do we call this view?
Norma occipitalis
How is the term serated relevant to the skull?
The sutures interlock.
Label this diagram of the skull
What are the sutural bones?
Sutural bones (also known as wormian bones) are little islands of bone within the suture .
What is the function of the superior nuchal line?
This attaches the neck muscles to the skull.
What do we call the area where the coronal suture meets the sagital suture?
Bregma.
Label this diagram of the skull
Compare the supra-orbital notch to the supra-orbital foramen.
They both do the same job but the anatomy is variable.
Patients could have 2 notches.
2 foramen
1 of each (shown in image )
What is the zygomatic buttress?
A clinical name for the maxillary process border as shown in the diagram below. (PINK)
This is very obvious in dental radiographs.
A lot of molar teeth forces are dissipated at this place.
Label the alveolar nerves.
A- anterior superior alveolar nerve
B- Middle superior alveolar nerve
C- posterior superior alevolar nerve
Discuss this area of the skull.
This is the Pterion.
This is a thin part of the skull
Inside here is the middle meningeal artery.
A fracture to the pterion would cause an extradural haemorrhage.
Label this image of the skull
Label this diagram
What does the external occipital protuberance do?
It splits the occipital bone into two parts-
Vascular part and squamous part
What is this?
Zygomatico- temporal suture
This is the join between the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.
What is the function of the inferior temporal line?
This gives attachment to the temporalis.
What is this?
The temporal fossa, where the temporal muscles attach to bone.
Discuss the squamous part of the temporal bone?
This is thin, flat peice of bone that is attached to the zygomatic process.
The outer surface-
What are the two types of cervical vertibrae you get?
Give examples of each.
Typical vertibrae- C3, C4, C5,C6
Atypical vertibrae- Atlas, Axis, C7.
Label this diagram of Typical vertebrae.
What is the function of the foramen transversarium?
In C1-C6 it caries the Vertebral artery.
What is the vertebral arch made of?
The lamina and pedicle.
How do spinal nerves leave the vertibral canal?
By passing over the pedicle.
How is the vertebral canal created?
By all the vertebral foramen joining together.
How do the cervical vertibrae join?
The superior articulator facet joins with the inferior of the bone above. These are Synovial joints (lined by synovial membrane and there is synovial fluid in the joint)
The Adjacent vertibrae join together by discs from the bodies- Symphysis
What word do we use to describe the spine?
Bifid (It splits into two)
Name and label this atypical vertibrae:
Atlas
Name and label this atypical vertibrae:
Axis
What shape is the superior articular facet of the atlas and why?
It is concave and kidney shaped to fit the condyles of the skull.
Discuss the movements of the skull and what part of the spine helps them occur
Flexion and extension- Between the atlas and the skull.
Rotation- between the atlas and the axis
What is cervical lordosis?
That the vertebral column is curved forward (it is convex)
Where do the thoracic nerves come out?
Below the pedicle of the thoracic vertibrae etc.
Compare the number of cervical vertibrae to the number of cervical nerves?
There are 7 Cervical vertibrae and 8 cervical nerves.
What is always found in the human cervical vertibrae?
The foramen transversarium.
What is the tympanic plate?
The frontal wall of the external auditory meatus (of the ear)
