H&N- Week 1 (exterior Skull and spine)

Question 1

What is the calvaria?

Answer 1

This is another name for the roof of the cranial cavity.

Question 2

What do we call this view?

Answer 2

Norma frontalis (view from the front)

Question 3

What do we call this view?

Answer 3

Norma lateralis.

Question 4

What do we call this view?

Answer 4

Norma Verticalis.

Question 5

What is the most promient part of the frontal bone?

Answer 5

The frontal eminences

Found anteriorly above each superciliary arch.

Question 6

Label this diagram of the skull.

Answer 6

Question 7

What is the function of the parietal foramen?

Answer 7

It transmits an emissary vein (which joins the veins on the scalp with the superior sagital sinus)

Question 8

How are the sutures of the skull formed?

Answer 8

By intra-membranous ossification (No cartilage precursor)

Question 9

Compare sutures found in children and adults.

Answer 9

Young people have open sutures with fibrous tissue.

In adults the fibrous tissue is replaced by bone.

Question 10

At what age does the anterior fontanelle close?

Answer 10

2 years.

Question 11

What do we call this view?

Answer 11

Norma occipitalis

Question 12

How is the term serated relevant to the skull?

Answer 12

The sutures interlock.

Question 13

Label this diagram of the skull

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the sutural bones?

Answer 14

Sutural bones (also known as wormian bones) are little islands of bone within the suture .

Question 15

What is the function of the superior nuchal line?

Answer 15

This attaches the neck muscles to the skull.

Question 16

What do we call the area where the coronal suture meets the sagital suture?

Answer 16

Bregma.

Question 17

Label this diagram of the skull

Answer 17

Question 18

Compare the supra-orbital notch to the supra-orbital foramen.

Answer 18

They both do the same job but the anatomy is variable.

Patients could have 2 notches.

2 foramen

1 of each (shown in image )

Question 19

What is the zygomatic buttress?

Answer 19

A clinical name for the maxillary process border as shown in the diagram below. (PINK)

This is very obvious in dental radiographs.

A lot of molar teeth forces are dissipated at this place.

Question 20

Label the alveolar nerves.

Answer 20

A- anterior superior alveolar nerve

B- Middle superior alveolar nerve

C- posterior superior alevolar nerve

Question 21

Discuss this area of the skull.

Answer 21

This is the Pterion.

This is a thin part of the skull

Inside here is the middle meningeal artery.

A fracture to the pterion would cause an extradural haemorrhage.

Question 22

Label this image of the skull

Answer 22

Question 23

Label this diagram

Answer 23

Question 24

What does the external occipital protuberance do?

Answer 24

It splits the occipital bone into two parts-

Vascular part and squamous part

Question 25

What is this?

Answer 25

Zygomatico- temporal suture This is the join between the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.

Question 26

What is the function of the inferior temporal line?

Answer 26

This gives attachment to the temporalis.

Question 27

What is this?

Answer 27

The temporal fossa, where the temporal muscles attach to bone.

Question 28

Discuss the squamous part of the temporal bone?

Answer 28

This is thin, flat peice of bone that is attached to the zygomatic process. The outer surface-

Question 29

What are the two types of cervical vertibrae you get? Give examples of each.

Answer 29

Typical vertibrae- C3, C4, C5,C6 Atypical vertibrae- Atlas, Axis, C7.

Question 30

Label this diagram of Typical vertebrae.

Answer 30

Question 31

What is the function of the foramen transversarium?

Answer 31

In C1-C6 it caries the Vertebral artery.

Question 32

What is the vertebral arch made of?

Answer 32

The lamina and pedicle.

Question 33

How do spinal nerves leave the vertibral canal?

Answer 33

By passing over the pedicle.

Question 34

How is the vertebral canal created?

Answer 34

By all the vertebral foramen joining together.

Question 35

How do the cervical vertibrae join?

Answer 35

The superior articulator facet joins with the inferior of the bone above. These are Synovial joints (lined by synovial membrane and there is synovial fluid in the joint) The Adjacent vertibrae join together by discs from the bodies- Symphysis

Question 36

What word do we use to describe the spine?

Answer 36

Bifid (It splits into two)

Question 37

Name and label this atypical vertibrae:

Answer 37

Atlas

Question 38

Name and label this atypical vertibrae:

Answer 38

Axis

Question 39

What shape is the superior articular facet of the atlas and why?

Answer 39

It is concave and kidney shaped to fit the condyles of the skull.

Question 40

Discuss the movements of the skull and what part of the spine helps them occur

Answer 40

Flexion and extension- Between the atlas and the skull. Rotation- between the atlas and the axis

Question 41

What is cervical lordosis?

Answer 41

That the vertebral column is curved forward (it is convex)

Question 42

Where do the thoracic nerves come out?

Answer 42

Below the pedicle of the thoracic vertibrae etc.

Question 43

Compare the number of cervical vertibrae to the number of cervical nerves?

Answer 43

There are 7 Cervical vertibrae and 8 cervical nerves.

Question 44

What is always found in the human cervical vertibrae?

Answer 44

The foramen transversarium.

Question 45

What is the tympanic plate?

Answer 45

The frontal wall of the external auditory meatus (of the ear)