Orthobunya FERDIG Flashcards
All Bunyaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
F
– mainly mosquito or tick vectors
Bunyaviruses cause oral infection
F
The virus causing severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome is transmitted
T
Phlebovirus causing rift valley fever
Several bunyaviruses are zoonotic agents
T
- Hantaviruses
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Serological cross-reactions are frequent between related bunyaviruses
T
?
All bunyaviruses are vectored by insects
F
-Hantavirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family is primarily transmitted to humans through inhalation of aerosolized virus particles from rodent feces, urine, or saliva
All bunyaviruses are vectored by ticks
F
Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods
T
-hematophagous (blood-feeding) arthropods, such as mosquitoes, midges, or ticks.
Several virus species belong to Bunyaviridae family, many present only in tropical regions.
T
Bunyaviruses are typically arboviruses
T
Bunyaviriuses has good antigens and good immune reaction
T
?
The Rift Valley Fever virus causing severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome is transmitted by tick
T
Phlebovirus: Rift Valley Fever, severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome
The Aino virus causes foetal development problems and abortion in sheep
T
Akabane virus is zoonotic
F
Akabane virus causes foetal damages in dogs
F
- Turkey; cattle, sheep, goat;
Akabane disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep
T
Abortions and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane disease
T
?
The Akabane disease is mainly seen in geese
F
-cattle, sheep, goat
The Akabane disease can cause abortion in sheep
T
?
The main symptoms of the akabane disease are foetal development disorders
T
?
The main symptoms of akabane disease are the malformation of the fetus
T
?
Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg viruses cause similar disease in ruminants
T
?
Akabane occurs in South-West Africa and is a disease of swine
F
In Asia, Africa and Australia
Causes diseases in: sheep, cattle, goat, turkey
Schmallenberg virus causes disease only in Suffolk sheep breed
F
- Suffolk, Texel, Blue Texel
- Dairy, Flevolander
- Swifter, Blessumer
- cross-breeds
Schallenberg virus causes foetal damages in humans
F
-Ø human
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal development problems more frequently in cattle than in sheep
F
Sheep is more sensitive, in cattle congenital disorders are rarely seen
Schmallenberg virus is present worldwide
F
- europe
Human is a competent host of Rift Valley fever virus i.e. the viraemic titre is high enough to infect the vector
T
The Rift valley fever virus damages the blood vessels thus causes haemorrhages
T
Wild rabbits are reservoirs of Rift valley fever virus
F
Rift valley fever is a human only disease
F
most commonly seen in domestic animals ( cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, camels)
Nairobi sheep disease causes generalized infection in the animals
T
Vaccines are available in endemic regions to prevent Nairobi sheep disease
T
Nairobi sheep disease leads to abortion in the infected pregnant animals
T
Nairobi sheep disease causes haemorrhagic enteritis in the infected animals
T
Small rodents serve as reservoir hosts of Hantaviruses
T
Hantaviruses can cause renal failure in human
T
The Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever is a human disease with headache, muscle pain and skin haemorrhages
T
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus is tick born
T
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in pigs
F
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in sheep
T
Schmallenberg virius associated disease as 1st observed in 2011 in certain Western European countries
T
The Schmallenberg virus causes severe disease in humans
F
-no human
The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever and reduced milk production
T
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Schmallenberg virus.
T
In cattle Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with reduced milk production.
T
The Schmallenberg virus is a zoonotic agent
F
Ticks are reservoirs and vectors of the Schmallenberg virus
F
Schmallenberg virus was transported to Europe from South-America
F
Schmallenberg virus emerged in Western Europe, in 2011, and spread rapidly in ruminants.
T
In sheep the Schmallenberg virus mainly causes foetal malformations.
T
Schmallenberg spread by midges vectors
T
Culicoides spp
No human case report on Schmallenberg virus
T
But due to it being a bunyavirus, we cannot rule out zoonosis
Pneumonia and abortion are the main signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in sheep.
F
Midges are the main vectors of Schmallenberg virus
T
Signs of acute Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are lower and reduced milk production.
T
The rift valley fever virus causes foetal damages in sheep
F
Certain European mosquito species are competent vectors of Rift Valley fever virus
T
Aedes mosquitos are primary vectors, which are present in Europe
Rift Valley fever may cause high lethality in young ruminants
T
10-70% lethality in calves
Rift Valley fever virus is a zoonotic agent.
T
Humans show more severe clinical signs
The Rift Valley fever virus can cause reproductive disorders in cattle and sheep
T
Necrotic hepatitis is a lesion of Rift Valley fever
T
Rift-valley fever caused human epidemics in Africa
T
Rift Valley fever virus caused severe human outbreaks in Africa and in the Arab peninsula.
T
The principle vectors of the rift valley disease are gnats
F
Primary vector=aedes mosquitos
Rift valley fever outbreaks are most frequently seen in horses
F
ruminants
Rift valley fever virus may cause 100% mortality in young susceptible animals
T
In enzootic regions vaccines are used for the prevention of rift valley fever
T
In non-endemic regions we use epidemiological restrictions
Nairobi disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep
T
The Nairobi sheep disease can cause abortion in sheep.
T
The most frequent sign of the Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis
F
Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a lesion of Nairobi sheep disease
T
We see haemorrhages everywhere
Nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic
T
Depending on country if it is notifiable or not, but it is OIE listed
Nairobi sheep disease can cause haemorrhagic enteritis among sheep.
T
The most important symptom of the Nairobi sheep disease is nephritis
F
Nairobi disease occurs mainly in sheep
T
The leading symptom of Nairobi disease is renal insufficiency
F
The Nairobi sheep disease is vectored by ticks
T
Nairobi sheep disease primarily causes pathological changes in the kidney (renal insufficiency)
F
Hantaviruses may cause respiratory disease in humans
T
Hantaviruses causes haemorrhagic fever in humans
T
Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fevers in rodents
F
Rodents are reservoirs, they show no signs of disease
Hanta viruses can cause renal symptoms in humans
T
Mainly rodents are the natural reservoir of hanta viruses
T
Hanta viruses are naturally maintained by rodents
T
In domestic animals Hanta viruses typically cause liver dystrophy
F
Hanta viruse affects humans
Hanta virus infected people may develop severe renal failure
T
Rodents are reservoir for Hanta virus
T
Hanta virus cause renal disorders in humans
T
Hanta viruses cause encephalitis in horses
F
