Coronavirus Flashcards
Human coronavirus was not known before 2020
F
Recombination between coronaviruses is frequent
T
Frequently mutations:
Recombination
Recombination between coronaviruses is rare
F
Frequently mutations
Recombination
Coronaviruses are of two origin: bird or bat
T
Human coronaviruses usually cause death
F
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruse
T
BCoV can cause haemagglutination
T
- also HeCoV + CRCoV
IBV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
PDCoV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
CCoV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
TGEV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
FIPV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
HeCoV can cause haemagglutination
T
PEDV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
Coronaviruses can survive for months in the environment
F
- 2-6 days
Coronaviruses frequently mutate and recombine
T
Frequently mutations: Recombination
Coronaviruses have a weak physical resistance
T
In the case of transmissible encephalopathies always degenerative lesions can be see
T
In the case of transmissible encephalopathies meningoencephalitis is a typical postmortem
lesion
F
Typical sign of TGE is vomiting and diarrhoea
T
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea: yellowish, watery, characteristic odor
- Loss of appetite
TGE virus does not reach the mammary gland
F
TGE virus can replicate in the lung
T
Virus replication: epithelial cells of lungs or
intestines (jejunum)
The colostral immunity against TGE protects the piglets from the disease
T
The antibodies against porcine respiratory coronavirus protect the pigs against TGE
T
TGE virus does not reach foetuses
T
TGE virus does not cause haemagglutination in vitro
T
It can get into the milk, but not to the fetus
TGE virus can cause haemagglutination in vitro
F
- NO haemagglutination
TGE can cause 100% mortality in newborn piglet
T
Newborn up to 10 days → 100% mortality
2-3 week-old → 20% mortality
TGE virus causes respiratory signs in piglets
F
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
- loss of appetite
The pathology of TGE is not characteristic
T
Not typical
TGE virus does not cause dehydration
F
- weight loss
- diarrhea
- vomiting
The pathognomonic sign of TGE is necrosis in the large intestine.
F
- Dilated stomach and intestines, full of undigested milk
- Mucosa inflammation (fundus)
- Foamy, yellowish, undigested bowel content
TGE virus can replicate in the intestine
T
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is completely eradicated in Europe
F
- USA
- Japan
- England
Everywhere except tropical regions
TGE causes 100% mortality in sows
F
- newborn : 100% mortality
The incubation time of TGE is usually 5-7 days.
F
1-2 days
TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory systems
T
TGEV is widespread and fully replaced porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) virus
F
Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection against PED.
F
Today TGE occurs in an enzootic form
T
The characteristic symptoms of TGE are vomiting and diarrhoea
T
TGE infects only swine
F
mainly pigs,
Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease
TGE virus causes high morbidity
T
Transmissible gastroenteritis is the more severe in piglets than in adult swine
T
newborn: 100% mortality
The mortality caused by transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is the highest among old
sows
F
- newborn
Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is a widespread disease, causing high losses in Europe
F
The lesions of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine are in the gastric mucosa and in the small intestine
T
Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs is more frequent in the tropical countries that the
moderate climate
F
Everywhere except tropical regions
During winter
There is no cross protection between transmissible gastroenteritis vines and the pulmonary coronavirus of pigs
F
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical disease only in pigs
T
it says clinical disease:
Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus spreads rapidly in the herd
T
The epizootic TGEV spreads rapidly.
T
The epizootic TGEV can cause disease mainly in winter
T
The epizootic TGEV can be transmitted with milk
T
The epizootic TGEV does not cause viraemia.
F
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus provides cross protection to hemagglutinating
coronavirus
F
- NO hemagglutinating
TGE mainly cause croupous pneumonia
F
TGE replaces the respiratory corona virus
F
TGE appears in Hungary
T
TGE causes 100% mortality in susceptible piglets under 1 week of age
T
- upp to 10 days
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is completely eradicated in Europe
F
PED is similar to TGE
T
The incubation time of TGE is usually 1-3 days
T, f? since it is 1-2 days
Incubation period: 1-2 days
It is detectable in intestines
and lungs for months
TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory system
T
Only pigs are susceptible to TGE infection
F
Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease
Maternal immunity is essential against TGE infection of piglets
T
Today TGE occurs in epizootic form
T
TGE is completely eradicated in Europe
F
Everywhere except tropical regions
Transmissible gastroenteritis is usually asymptomatic in adults
T
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical signs in dogs.
F
The Porcine respiratory coronavirus has been evolved from the Transmissible gastroenteritis
virus
T
Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection from transmissible gastroenteritis.
T
TGE infection is devastating at any age
F
- newborns
The incubation period of TGE can be as short as 8 hours
F
Incubation period: 1-2 days
Pig has betacoronavirus
T
HECoV (pig)
Pigs has only alphacoronavirus
F
- Alphacoronavirus
- Betacoronavirus
- Deltacoronavirus
The porcine coronavirus may be avian virus
T, f??
The antibodies against porcine respiratory coronavirus protect the pigs against porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus
F
Mutations and recombinations do not occur in swine coronaviruses
F
PRCoV usually causes pneumonia
F
- Oro-nasal infection
- Upper and lower respiratory tract, small intestines
Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets
F
Porcine respiratory coronavirus reduced the prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea
F
- Oro-nasal infection
- Upper and lower respiratory tract, small intestines
Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross protection from TGE
T
Swine pulmonary corona virus has a high mortality by pneumonia
F
Porcine respiratory coronavirus is a modification of the Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
F
PRCoV gives cross protection against TGEV
T
PDCoV causes symptoms in pigs
T
Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets.
F
Porcine epidemic diarrhea can cause clinical signs in older animals
T
At all age (piglets too)
The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhea can replicate in the colon
T
PEDV also occurs in Europe.
T
The porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus causes disease in calf
F
- pigs
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus can cause disease in humans
F
The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea can replicate in the heart muscle of the foetus
F
- Infects epithelium of large intestines
- Occasional replication in crypts
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus causes more severe symptoms in adult than in young piglets
F
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea is present only in Africa and in the Middle East
F
- America and Asia
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea usually resembles TGE
T
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea can be transmitted by infected dogs and cat
F
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea frequently occurs in Europe
F
- America and Asia
PHEV gets to central nervous system via the peripheral nerves
T
PHEV causes diarrhoea
F
- vomiting
- constipation
- Henry pigs
- piglets are unable to suck
Hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus infects young pigs
T